8. License Agreements

In accordance with ASC 730-10-25-1, Research and Development, costs incurred in obtaining technology licenses are charged to research and development expense if the technology licensed has not reached technological feasibility and has no alternative future use. The licenses purchased by the Company require substantial completion of research and development, regulatory and marketing approval efforts in order to reach technological feasibility and have no alternate use. The purchase price of the licenses acquired is classified as research and development-licenses acquired in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, there was no expense recognized for license acquisitions.

Journey

In June 2021, Journey entered a license, collaboration, and assignment agreement (the “Emrosi Agreement”) to obtain global rights for the development and commercialization of Emrosi^TM (Minocycline Hydrochloride Extended-Release Capsules, 40mg), formerly known as DFD-29, for the treatment of rosacea with Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Ltd (“DRL”); provided, that DRL retained certain rights to the program in select markets, namely in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Brazil, Georgia, India Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, the People’s Republic of China, Russia, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Emrosi Agreement, Journey paid $10.0 million. In April 2024, Journey made a $3.0 million milestone payment to DRL, based on United Stated Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) acceptance of the New Drug Application (“NDA”) for Emrosi, and in December of 2024 Journey made a $15.0 million milestone payment to DRL, which was triggered by the November 1, 2024 FDA marketing approval of Emrosi. Upon the $15.0 million milestone payment, the assets that had been the subject of the exclusive license related to Emrosi, including the NDA itself, the patents and other intellectual property, were assigned to Journey. Pursuant to the Emrosi Agreement, Journey may be required to make additional contingent regulatory and commercial milestone payments to DRL, totaling up to $150.0 million. Journey is required to pay royalties ranging from ten percent to fourteen percent on net sales of Emrosi, subject to a 50% reduction in the event that a generic competitor launches in an applicable country where Journey markets and sells Emrosi.

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In January 2022, Journey entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Vyne APA”) with Vyne Therapeutics, Inc. (“Vyne”) to acquire two FDA approved products, Amzeeq® (minocycline) topical foam, 4%, and Zilxi® (minocycline) topical foam, 1.5%, for an upfront payment of $20.0 million and an additional $5.0 million payment on the one-year anniversary of the closing of the Vyne APA. The Vyne APA also provides for contingent net sales milestone payments: in the first calendar year in which annual sales reach each of $100 million, $200 million, $300 million, $400 million and $500 million, Journey will be required to make a one-time payment of $10 million, $20 million, $30 million, $40 million and $50 million, respectively, in that year only, per product, totaling up to $450 million.

Part of the Vyne APA was Journey’s assumption of a license agreement with Cutia Therapeutics (HK) Limited (“Cutia”), a Hong Kong biopharmaceutical company with experience in developing pharmaceutical products in the greater China region (the “Cutia Agreement”). Pursuant to the Cutia Agreement, Cutia was granted an exclusive license to obtain regulatory approval of and commercialize Amzeeq (topical 4% minocycline foam) and Zilxi (topical 1.5% minocycline foam) in mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau. Journey has agreed to supply the finished licensed products to Cutia for clinical and commercial use at an agreed price. Additionally, Journey will earn a royalty in the low single digit percentages on net sales of the licensed products by Cutia.

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On November 11, 2024, Cutia received marketing approval for topical 4% minocycline foam from the National Medical Products Administration of the People’s Republic of China. The approval triggered a $1.0 million milestone payment to Journey. The $1.0 million milestone payment was recorded as a component of other revenue on the approval date of November 11, 2024, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations included in the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K. Journey received the cash payment from Cutia of $1.0 million on January 2, 2025. In August 2025, Journey began supplying Cutia with finished licensed products for Cutia’s commercial use. Journey recognized $0.6 million in Other revenue associated with the supply of Amzeeq to Cutia for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

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Avenue

On February 28, 2023, Avenue entered into a license agreement with AnnJi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (“AnnJi”), whereby Avenue obtained an exclusive license (the “AnnJi License Agreement”) from AnnJi to the intellectual property rights pertaining to the molecule known as JM17, which activates Nrf1 and Nrf2, enhances androgen receptor degradation and underlies AJ201, a clinical product candidate currently in a Phase 1b/2a clinical trial in the U.S. for the treatment of SBMA, also known as Kennedy's Disease. Under the AnnJi License Agreement, in exchange for exclusive rights to the intellectual property underlying the AJ201 product candidates, Avenue paid $3.0 million, issued shares of Avenue stock in two tranches, and agreed to make additional payments including: reimbursement of payments up to $10.8 million in connection with the product’s Phase 1b/2a clinical trial, up to $14.5 million in connection with certain development milestones pertaining to the first indication in the U.S., up to $27.5 million in connection with certain drug development milestones pertaining to additional indications and development outside the U.S., up to $165 million upon the achievement of certain net sales milestones ranging from $75 million to $750 million in annual net sales, and royalty payments based on a percentage of net sales ranging from mid-single digits to the low-double digits, which were subject to potential diminution in certain circumstances. On March 3, 2025, Avenue received a notice of AnnJi’s intent to terminate the AnnJi License Agreement, in which AnnJi asserted several bases for its right to terminate the AnnJi License Agreement.

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On April 24, 2025 (the “Termination Effective Date”), Avenue and AnnJi entered into a License Termination and Program Transfer Agreement (the “Termination and Transfer Agreement”), pursuant to which: (i) the AnnJi License Agreement and related agreements were terminated with immediate effect; (ii) the parties dismissed all pending dispute resolution proceedings between them and provided mutual releases of claims; (iii) Avenue transferred to AnnJi all of its rights, title and interest to and under the assets arising under the AnnJi License Agreement and otherwise related to AJ201 and (iv) Avenue agreed not to, for 48 months following the date of the Termination and Transfer Agreement, develop, commercialize, manufacture or sell any product competing with AJ201 in the US, Canada, the European Union, Great Britain or Israel. Under the Termination and Transfer Agreement, Avenue repurchased all shares of common stock held by AnnJi for an aggregate payment of $1.00, and Avenue also made a payment of $0.2 million to AnnJi for legal expense reimbursement, which was accounted for as consideration payable to a customer and reduced the amount of revenue recognized by Avenue under the agreement.

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AnnJi agreed to make payments to Avenue of $1.6 million net of 20% tax withholding, with $0.8 million collected by Avenue in May 2025 and $0.8 million collected by Avenue in July 2025. The $1.6 million, less the $0.2 million as consideration for legal expenses, was recognized as other revenue as the performance obligations related to rights transferred to AnnJi were satisfied during the nine months ended September 30, 2025. Additionally, Avenue will be eligible to receive from AnnJi:

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The Termination and Transfer Agreement also contains customary representations and warranties and provisions related to confidentiality and indemnification.

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