UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-35366

FORTRESS BIOTECH, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	20-5157386
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2 Gansevoort Street, 9th Floor

New York, New York 10014

(Address including zip code of principal executive offices)

(781) 652-4500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Class	Trading Symbol(s)	Exchange Name
Common Stock	FBIO	Nasdaq Capital Market
9.375% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock	FBIOP	Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	x
Non-accelerated filer	¨	Smaller reporting company	x
		Emerging growth company	¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

As of August 6, 2019, there were 69,042,411 shares of Common Stock of the issuer outstanding.

FORTRESS BIOTECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	1
Item 1.	Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements	1
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	34
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks	48
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	48

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	49
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	49
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	77
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	77
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	77
Item 5.	Other Information	77
Item 6.	Exhibits	77

SIGNATURES		78

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements

FORTRESS BIOTECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
($ in thousands except for share and per share amounts)

	June 30,			December 31,
	2019			2018
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	149,407		$	65,508
Accounts receivable (net of allowance of $250 and $0 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively)		3,104			5,498
Short-term investments (certificates of deposit)		5,000			17,604
Inventory		732			678
Other receivables - related party		1,850			2,095
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,418			6,735
Current assets held for sale		-			13,089
Total current assets		163,511			111,207

Property and equipment, net		12,023			12,019
Operating lease right-of-use asset, net		22,255			-
Restricted cash		16,074			16,074
Long-term investment, at fair value		11,193			-
Intangible asset		971			1,417
Other assets		1,237			276
Total assets	$	227,264		$	140,993

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	24,260		$	34,067
Accounts payable and accrued expenses - related party		-			149
Interest payable		1,022			1,232
Interest payable - related party		94			97
Notes payable, short-term - related party (net of debt discount of $104 and $336 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively)		9,396			9,164
Partner company convertible note, short-term, at fair value		-			9,914
Operating lease liabilities - short-term		1,626			-
Derivative warrant liability		-			991
Total current liabilities		36,398			55,614

Notes payable, long-term (net of debt discount of $6,435 and $4,567 at June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively)		74,307			60,425
Operating lease liabilities - long-term		24,510			-
Other long-term liabilities		2,229			5,211
Total liabilities		137,444			121,250

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $.001 par value, 15,000,000 authorized, 5,000,000 designated Series A shares, 1,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018; liquidation value of $25.00 per share		1			1
Common stock, $.001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 68,138,203 and 57,845,447 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		68			58
Common stock issuable, 317,804 and 744,322 shares as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively		490			659
Additional paid-in-capital		439,295			397,408
Accumulated deficit		(407,980	)		(396,274	)
Total stockholders' equity attributed to the Company		31,874			1,852

Non-controlling interests		57,946			17,891
Total stockholders' equity		89,820			19,743
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	227,264		$	140,993

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

FORTRESS BIOTECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
($ in thousands except for share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018			2019			2018
Revenue
Product revenue, net	$	8,199		$	6,689		$	14,324		$	12,198
Revenue - from a related party		1,051			126			1,403			520
Net revenue		9,250			6,815			15,727			12,718

Operating expenses
Cost of goods sold - product revenue		2,386			1,668			4,270			3,140
Research and development		18,511			17,488			41,784			42,446
Research and development – licenses acquired		200			1			650			98
General and administrative		13,443			13,056			26,921			26,604
Total operating expenses		34,540			32,213			73,625			72,288
Loss from operations		(25,290	)		(25,398	)		(57,898	)		(59,570	)

Other income (expense)
Interest income		779			294			1,217			572
Interest expense and financing fee		(3,106	)		(2,590	)		(5,575	)		(4,993	)
Change in fair value of derivative liability		-			79			-			102
Change in fair value of subsidiary convertible note		-			(140	)		-			110
Change in fair value of investments		-			(707	)		-			(825	)
Other loss		-			(333	)		-			(333	)
Gain on deconsolidation of Caelum		137			-			18,521			-
Total other income (expense)		(2,190	)		(3,397	)		14,163			(5,367	)
Loss from continuing operations		(27,480	)		(28,795	)		(43,735	)		(64,937	)

Discontinued operations:
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax		-			(6,921	)		-			(8,997	)
Total loss from discontinued operations		-			(6,921	)		-			(8,997	)
Net loss		(27,480	)		(35,716	)		(43,735	)		(73,934	)

Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests		14,382			14,105			32,029			31,305
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(13,098	)	$	(21,611	)	$	(11,706	)	$	(42,629	)

Loss from continuing operations per common share - basic and diluted	$	(0.51	)	$	(0.66	)	$	(0.86	)	$	(1.51	)
Loss from discontinued operations per common share - basic and diluted	$	-		$	(0.16	)	$	-		$	(0.21	)
Net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.24	)	$	(0.50	)	$	(0.23	)	$	(0.99	)

Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic and diluted		53,726,125			43,377,629			51,130,977			42,948,780

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

FORTRESS BIOTECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
($ in thousands)
(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended June 30, 2019

	Series A Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Shares			Paid-In			Accumulated			Non-Controlling			Total Stockholders'
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Issuable			Capital			Deficit			Interests			Equity
Balance at March 31, 2019		1,000,000	$	1		63,126,521	$	63	$	765		$	414,870		$	(394,882	)	$	29,892		$	50,709
Stock-based compensation expense		-		-		-		-		-			3,373			-			-			3,373
Issuance of restricted stock		-		-		55,417		-		-			-			-			-			-
Issuance of common stock under ESPP		-		-		54,221		-		-			60			-			-			60
Issuance of common stock for at-the-market offering, net		-		-		4,463,399		5		-			7,720			-			-			7,725
Preferred A dividends declared and paid		-		-		-		-		-			(586	)		-			-			(586	)
Partner company’s offering, net		-		-		-		-		-			29,485			-			-			29,485
Partner company’s at-the-market offering, net		-		-		-		-		-			25,984			-			-			25,984
Common shares issuable for 2017 Subordinated Note Financing interest expense		-		-		-		-		490			-			-			-			490
Common shares issued for 2017 Subordinated Note Financing interest expense		-		-		268,324		-		(484	)		484			-			-			-
Common shares issued for Opus interest expense		-		-		170,321		-		(281	)		341			-			-			60
Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries		-		-		-		-		-			(42,436	)		-			42,436			-
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest		-		-		-		-		-			-			-			(14,382	)		(14,382	)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders		-		-		-		-		-			-			(13,098	)		-			(13,098	)
Balance at June 30, 2019		1,000,000	$	1		68,138,203	$	68	$	490		$	439,295		$	(407,980	)	$	57,946		$	89,820

Six Months Ended June 30, 2019

									Common			Additional
	Series A Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Shares			Paid-In			Accumulated			Non-Controlling			Total Stockholders'
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Issuable			Capital			Deficit			Interests			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2018		1,000,000	$	1		57,845,447	$	58	$	659		$	397,408		$	(396,274	)	$	17,891		$	19,743
Stock-based compensation expense		-		-		-		-		-			6,682			-			-			6,682
Issuance of restricted stock		-		-		1,664,742		2		-			(2	)		-			-			-
Issuance of common stock under ESPP		-		-		54,221		-		-			60			-			-			60
Issuance of subsidiaries' common shares for license expenses		-		-		-		-		(164	)		164			-			-			-
Issuance of common stock for at-the-market offering, net		-		-		7,390,826		8		-			13,859			-			-			13,867
Preferred A dividends declared and paid		-		-		-		-		-			(1,172	)		-			-			(1,172	)
Partner company’s offering, net		-		-		-		-		-			60,984			-			-			60,984
Partner company’s at-the-market offering, net		-		-		-		-		-			26,339			-			-			26,339
Issuance of partner company warrants in conjunction with Horizon Notes		-		-		-		-		-			888			-			-			888
Common shares issuable for 2017 Subordinated Note Financing interest expense		-		-		-		-		490			-			-			-			490
Common shares issued for 2017 Subordinated Note Financing interest expense		-		-		1,012,646		-		(495	)		979			-			-			484
Common shares issuable for Opus interest expense		-		-		-		-		281			-			-			-			281
Common shares issued for Opus interest expense		-		-		170,321		-		(281	)		341			-			-			60
Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries		-		-		-		-		-			(67,235	)		-			67,235			-
Deconsolidation of Caelum non-controlling interest		-		-		-		-		-			-			-			4,849			4,849
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest		-		-		-		-		-			-			-			(32,029	)		(32,029	)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders		-		-		-		-		-			-			(11,706	)		-			(11,706	)
Balance at June 30, 2019		1,000,000	$	1		68,138,203	$	68	$	490		$	439,295		$	(407,980	)	$	57,946		$	89,820

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

FORTRESS BIOTECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
($ in thousands)
(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended June 30, 2018

									Common			Additional
	Series A Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Shares			Paid-In			Accumulated			Non-Controlling			Total Stockholders'
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Issuable			Capital			Deficit			Interests			Equity
Balance at March 31, 2018		1,000,000	$	1		52,686,537	$	52	$	489		$	374,254		$	(333,145	)	$	65,895		$	107,546
Stock-based compensation expense		-		-		-		-		-			3,152			-			-			3,152
Issuance of restricted stock		-		-		85,834		1		-			(1	)		-			-			-
Issuance of common stock under ESPP		-		-		43,707		-		-			128			-			-			128
Issuance of subsidiaries' common shares for license expenses		-		-		-		-		-			1			-			-			1
Subsidiary's offering cost		-		-		-		-		-			1,813			-			-			1,813
Exercise of subsidiary's warrants for cash		-		-		-		-		-			85			-			-			85
Issuance of common stock for at-the-market offering		-		-		1,066,038		1		-			3,751			-			-			3,752
At-the-market offering cost		-		-		-		-		-			(135	)		-			-			(135	)
Common shares issuable for Opus interest expense		-		-		-		-		287			-			-			-			287
Common shares issuable for 2017 Subordinated Note Financing interest expense		-		-		-		-		489			-			-			-			489
Common shares issued for2017 Subordinated Note Financing interest expense		-		-		104,958		-		(489	)		489			-			-			-
Preferred A dividends declared and paid		-		-		-		-		-			(586	)		-			-			(586	)
2017 Preferred A offering cost adjustment		-		-		-		-		-			1,297			-			-			1,297
Disposal of NHLD		-		-		-		-		-			14,152			-			-			14,152
Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries		-		-		-		-		-			(542	)		-			542			-
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest		-		-		-		-		-			-			-			(14,105	)		(14,105	)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders		-		-		-		-		-			-			(21,611	)		-			(21,611	)
Balance at June 30, 2018		1,000,000	$	1		53,987,074	$	54	$	776		$	397,858		$	(354,756	)	$	52,332		$	96,265

Six Months Ended June 30, 2018

									Common			Additional
	Series A Preferred Stock				Common Stock				Shares			Paid-In			Accumulated			Non-Controlling			Total Stockholders'
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Issuable			Capital			Deficit			Interests			Equity
Balance at December 31, 2017		1,000,000	$	1		50,991,285	$	51	$	500		$	364,148		$	(312,127	)	$	67,929		$	120,502
Stock-based compensation expense		-		-		-		-		-			7,947			-			-			7,947
Issuance of restricted stock		-		-		1,558,274		2		-			(2	)		-			-			-
Issuance of common stock under ESPP		-		-		43,707		-		-			128			-			-			128
Issuance of subsidiaries' common shares for license expenses		-		-		-		-		-			23			-			-			23
Subsidiary's offering, net		-		-		-		-		-			22,657			-			-			22,657
Exercise of subsidiary's warrants for cash		-		-		-		-		-			181			-			-			181
Issuance of common stock for at-the-market offering		-		-		1,130,835		1		-			4,069			-			-			4,070
At-the-market offering cost		-		-		-		-		-			(141	)		-			-			(141	)
Common shares issuable for Opus interest expense		-		-		-		-		287			-			-			-			287
Common shares issuable for 2017 Subordinated Note Financing interest expense		-		-		-		-		489			-			-			-			489
Common shares issued for 2017 Subordinated Note Financing interest expense		-		-		262,973		-		(500	)		989			-			-			489
Preferred A dividends declared and paid		-		-		-		-		-			(1,172	)		-			-			(1,172	)
2017 Preferred A offering cost adjustment		-		-		-		-		-			1,297			-			-			1,297
Disposal of NHLD		-		-		-		-		-			13,442			-			-			13,442
Non-controlling interest in subsidiaries		-		-		-		-		-			(15,708	)		-			15,708			-
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest		-		-		-		-		-			-			-			(31,305	)		(31,305	)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders		-		-		-		-		-			-			(42,629	)		-			(42,629	)
Balance at June 30, 2018		1,000,000	$	1		53,987,074	$	54	$	776		$	397,858		$	(354,756	)	$	52,332		$	96,265

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

FORTRESS BIOTECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
($ in thousands)
(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(43,735	)	$	(73,934	)
Net loss on discontinued operations		-			(8,997	)
Loss from continuing operations		(43,735	)		(64,937	)
Reconciliation of net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation expense		938			503
Bad debt expense		250			-
Amortization of debt discount		1,521			1,247
Amortization of product revenue license fee		446			266
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets		771			-
Stock-based compensation expense		6,682			7,947
Common shares issuable for 2017 Subordinated Note Financing interest expense		490			489
Common shares issued for 2017 Subordinated Note Financing interest expense		484			489
Common shares issuable for Opus interest expense		281			287
Common shares issued for Opus interest expense		60			-
Change in fair value of investments		-			825
Change in fair value of derivative liability		-			(102	)
Change in fair value of partner company convertible note		-			(110	)
Gain on deconsolidation of Caelum		(18,521	)		-
Research and development-licenses acquired, expense		650			98
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents resulting from changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		2,144			2,437
Inventory		(54	)		(128	)
Other receivables - related party		245			(157	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		3,346			(740	)
Other assets		(961	)		(343	)
Current assets held for sale		-			(5,029	)
Noncurrent assets held for sale		-			956
Current liabilities held for sale		-			11,980
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		(8,646	)		1,442
Accounts payable and accrued expenses - related party		(149	)		(99	)
Interest payable		(12	)		256
Interest payable - related party		(3	)		(3	)
Lease liabilities		(713	)		-
Other long-term liabilities		841			248
Net cash used in continuing operating activities		(53,645	)		(42,178	)
Net cash used in discontinued operating activities		-			(9,748	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(53,645	)		(51,926	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

FORTRESS BIOTECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Continued)
($ in thousands)
(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019			2018
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchase of research and development licenses		-			(75	)
Purchase of property and equipment		(955	)		(4,613	)
Purchase of short-term investment (certificates of deposit)		(5,000	)		(35,000	)
Redemption of short-term investment (certificates of deposit)		17,604			36,002
Security deposits paid		-			(343	)
Deconsolidation of Caelum		(1,201	)		-
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing investing activities		10,448			(4,029	)
Net cash provided by discontinued investing activities		13,089			-
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		23,537			(4,029	)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Payment of Preferred A dividends		(1,172	)		(1,172	)
Inter-company costs related to the issuance of Series A preferred stock		-			1,297
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under ESPP		60			128
Proceeds from at-the-market offering		14,120			4,070
Payment of cost related to at-the-market offering		(253	)		(141	)
Proceeds from partner companies' sale of stock		66,623			23,011
Payment of costs related to partner companies' sale of stock		(5,397	)		(354	)
Proceeds from partner companies' at-the-market offering		26,998			-
Payment of costs related to partner companies' at-the-market offering		(604	)		-
Proceeds from exercise of partner company's warrants		-			181
Payment of debt issuance costs associated with 2017 Subordinated Note Financing		(23	)		(404	)
Proceeds from 2018 Venture Notes		-			21,707
Payment of debt issue costs associated with 2018 Venture Notes		(115	)		(1,863	)
Proceeds from partner company's Horizon Notes		15,000			-
Payment of debt issuance costs associated with partner company's Horizon Notes		(1,230	)		-
Payment of partner company's Convertible Notes		-			(4,076	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		114,007			42,384

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		83,899			(13,571	)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period		81,582			110,958
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	165,481		$	97,387

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	2,538		$	1,819
Cash paid for interest - related party	$	227		$	281

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing and investing activities:
Settlement of restricted stock units into common stock	$	2		$	2
Unpaid debt offering cost	$	211		$	5
Unpaid partner company’s offering cost	$	242		$	-
Unpaid partner company’s at-the-market offering cost	$	55		$	-
Common shares issuable for license acquired	$	164		$	-
Issuance of partner company warrants in conjunction with Horizon Notes	$	888		$	-
Fixed assets acquired but not paid	$	183		$	818

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

FORTRESS BIOTECH, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Organization and Description of Business

Fortress Biotech, Inc. (“Fortress” or the “Company”) is a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to acquiring, developing and commercializing pharmaceutical and biotechnology products and product candidates, which the Company does at the Fortress level, at its majority-owned and majority-controlled subsidiaries and joint ventures, and at entities the Company founded and in which it maintains significant minority ownership positions. Fortress has a talented and experienced business development team, comprising of scientists, doctors and finance professionals, who identify and evaluate promising products and product candidates for potential acquisition by new or existing partner companies. Fortress, through its partner companies, has executed such arrangements in partnership with some of the world’s foremost universities, research institutes and pharmaceutical companies, including City of Hope National Medical Center, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and the University of Pennsylvania.

Following the exclusive license or other acquisition of the intellectual property underpinning a product or product candidate, Fortress leverages its business, scientific, regulatory, legal and finance expertise to help the partners achieve their goals. Partner companies then assess a broad range of strategic arrangements to accelerate and provide additional funding to support research and development, including joint ventures, partnerships, out-licensings, and public and private financings; to date, three partner companies are publicly-traded, and two have consummated strategic partnerships with industry leaders Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and InvaGen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (a subsidiary of Cipla Limited).

As of June 30, 2019, several of the Fortress partner companies maintain licenses to product candidate intellectual property, including Aevitas Therapeutics, Inc. (“Aevitas”), Avenue Therapeutics, Inc. (“Avenue”), Caelum Biosciences, Inc. (“Caelum”), Cellvation, Inc. (“Cellvation”), Checkpoint Therapeutics, Inc. (“Checkpoint”), Cyprium Therapeutics, Inc. (“Cyprium”), Helocyte, Inc. (“Helocyte”), Journey Medical Corporation (“Journey” or “JMC”), Mustang Bio, Inc. (“Mustang”), and Tamid Bio, Inc. (“Tamid”).

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since inception, the Company’s operations have been financed primarily through the sale of equity and debt securities and proceeds from the exercise of warrants and stock options. The Company has incurred losses from operations and negative cash flows from operating activities since inception and expects to continue to incur substantial losses for the next several years as it continues to fully develop and prepare regulatory filings and obtain regulatory approvals for its existing and new product candidates. The Company’s current cash and cash equivalents are sufficient to fund operations for at least the next 12 months. However, the Company will need to raise additional funding through strategic relationships, public or private equity or debt financings, sale of a partner company, grants or other arrangements to fully develop and prepare regulatory filings and obtain regulatory approvals for the existing and new product candidates, fund operating losses, and, if deemed appropriate, establish or secure through third parties manufacturing for the potential products, sales and marketing capabilities. If such funding is not available or not available on terms acceptable to the Company, the Company’s current development plan and plans for expansion of its general and administrative infrastructure will be curtailed.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary for the fair statement of the balances and results for the periods presented. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the Company’s annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These condensed consolidated financial statement results are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full fiscal year or any future period.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures have been prepared with the presumption that users of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have read or have access to the audited financial statements for the preceding fiscal year for each of the companies: Avenue, Checkpoint and Mustang. Accordingly, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Form 10-K, which was filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 18, 2019, from which the Company derived the balance sheet data at December 31, 2018, as well as Checkpoint’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 18, 2019, Mustang’s Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 18, 2019, and Avenue’s Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 12, 2019.

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries: Avenue, Aevitas, CB Securities Corporation, Cellvation, Coronado SO Co., Checkpoint, Cyprium, Escala Therapeutics, Inc., GeneXion Oncology, Inc., Helocyte, Immune Limited, JMC, Mustang, Tamid, Fortress Biotech China, Inc., FBIO Acquisition Corp. IV, FBIO Acquisition Corps. VI - XIV, and JG Pharma, Inc., a subsidiary of JMC. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

The preparation of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period.

Use of Estimates

The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include certain amounts that are based on management’s best estimates and judgments. The Company’s significant estimates include, but are not limited to, useful lives assigned to long-lived and intangible assets, fair value measurements, stock-based compensation, common stock issued to acquire licenses, investments, accrued expenses, derivative warrant liabilities, revenue with customers, provisions for income taxes and contingencies. Due to the uncertainty inherent in such estimates, actual results may differ from these estimates.

Discontinued Operations

At December 31, 2018, the Company determined that its National segment met the discontinued operations criteria set forth in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Subtopic 205-20-45, Presentation of Financial Statements. As such, the National segment results have been classified as discontinued operations in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated financial statements. See Note 3 for more information relating to the Company’s discontinued operations.

Significant Accounting Policies

There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies to those previously disclosed in the 2018 Annual Report other than the adoption of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standard Updates (ASU) ASU 2016-02, Leases, and 2018-07, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting.

Leases

Effective January 1, 2019, the Company accounts for its leases under ASC 842, Leases. Under this guidance, arrangements meeting the definition of a lease are classified as operating or financing leases, and are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as both a right-of-use asset and lease liability, calculated by discounting fixed lease payments over the lease term at the rate implicit in the lease or the Company’s incremental borrowing rate. Lease liabilities are increased by interest and reduced by payments each period, and the right-of-use asset is amortized over the lease term. For operating leases, interest on the lease liability and the amortization of the right-of-use asset result in straight-line rent expense over the lease term. For finance leases, interest on the lease liability and the amortization of the right-of-use asset results in front-loaded expense over the lease term. Variable lease expenses are recorded when incurred.

In calculating the right-of-use asset and lease liability, the Company elects to combine lease and non-lease components. The Company continues to account for leases in the prior period financial statements under previous lease guidance ASC Topic 840, Leases.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company expenses stock-based compensation to employees over the requisite service period based on the estimated grant-date fair value of the awards and forfeiture rates.

For stock-based compensation awards to non-employees, prior to the adoption of ASU 2018-07 on January 1, 2019, the Company remeasured the fair value of the non-employee awards at each reporting period prior to vesting and finally at the vesting date of the award. Changes in the estimated fair value of these non-employee awards were recognized as compensation expense in the period of change. Subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2018-07, the Company recognizes non-employees compensation costs over the requisite service period based on a measurement of fair value for each stock award.

The Company estimates the fair value of stock option grants using the Black-Scholes option pricing model or 409A valuations, as applicable. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock-based awards represent management’s best estimates and involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2018, the SEC adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, amending certain disclosure requirements that were redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated or superseded. In addition, the amendments expanded the disclosure requirements on the analysis of stockholders' equity for interim financial statements. Under the amendments, an analysis of changes in each caption of stockholders' equity presented in the balance sheet must be provided in a note or separate statement. The analysis should present a reconciliation of the beginning balance to the ending balance of each period for which a statement of comprehensive income is required to be filed. This final rule became effective on November 5, 2018. The Company included the required presentation of changes in stockholders’ equity in this Form 10-Q.

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which simplifies the accounting for share-based payments granted to nonemployees for goods and services. Under the ASU, most of the guidance on such payments to nonemployees would be aligned with the requirements for share-based payments granted to employees. The changes take effect for public companies for fiscal years starting after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within that fiscal year. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than an entity’s adoption date of Topic 606. The Company adopted ASU No. 2018-07 as of January 1, 2019. As a result of the adoption of ASU 2018-07, the grant date fair value of non-employee awards will be fixed as of December 31, 2018, rather than the prior methodology that recognized a variable cost based on the fair value of such shares as of their vesting dates. The Company recorded non-employees’ awards as of January 1, 2019 prospectively. The Company’s implementation of this standard as of January 1, 2019 did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480) and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): I. Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features; II. Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception. Part I of this update addresses the complexity of accounting for certain financial instruments with down round features. Down round features are features of certain equity-linked instruments (or embedded features) that result in the strike price being reduced on the basis of the pricing of future equity offerings. Current accounting guidance creates cost and complexity for entities that issue financial instruments (such as warrants and convertible instruments) with down round features that require fair value measurement of the entire instrument or conversion option. Part II of this update addresses the difficulty of navigating Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity, because of the existence of extensive pending content in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. This pending content is the result of the indefinite deferral of accounting requirements about mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of certain nonpublic entities and certain mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests. The amendments in Part II of this update do not have an accounting effect. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption of this ASU on January 1, 2019 did not have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) in order to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by, among other provisions, recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for those leases classified as operating leases under previous GAAP. For public companies, ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 (including interim periods within those periods) using a modified retrospective approach and early adoption is permitted. In transition, entities may also elect a package of practical expedients that must be applied in its entirety to all leases commencing before the adoption date, unless the lease is modified, and permits entities to not reassess (a) the existence of a lease, (b) lease classification or (c) determination of initial direct costs, as of the adoption date, which effectively allows entities to carryforward accounting conclusions under previous U.S. GAAP. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements, which provides entities an optional transition method to apply the guidance under Topic 842 as of the adoption date, rather than as of the earliest period presented. The Company adopted Topic 842 on January 1, 2019, using the optional transition method by recording a right of use asset of $23.0 million, a lease liability of $26.8 million and eliminated deferred rent of approximately $3.8 million; there was no effect on opening retained earnings, and the Company continues to account for leases in the prior period financial statements under ASC Topic 840. In adopting the new standard, the Company elected to apply the practical expedients regarding the identification of leases, lease classification, indirect costs, and the combination of lease and non-lease components.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires that expected credit losses relating to financial assets are measured on an amortized cost basis and available-for-sale debt securities be recorded through an allowance for credit losses. ASU 2016-13 limits the amount of credit losses to be recognized for available-for-sale debt securities to the amount by which carrying value exceeds fair value and also requires the reversal of previously recognized credit losses if fair value increases. The new standard will be effective on January 1, 2020 and may be adopted earlier. The Company is currently evaluating the impact, if any, that ASU 2016-13 will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820), - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which makes a number of changes meant to add, modify or remove certain disclosure requirements associated with the movement amongst or hierarchy associated with Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted upon issuance of the update. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Discontinued Operations

The following is a summary of revenue and expenses of National for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018. The Company had no activity related to National in 2019.

	Three Months Ended			Six Months Ended
($ in thousands)	June 30, 2018			June 30, 2018
Revenue	$	57,019		$	106,541

Operating expenses
Commissions, compensation and fees		49,345			92,906
Clearing fees		578			1,321
Communications		813			1,573
Occupancy		1,141			2,096
Licenses and registration		530			1,167
Professional fees		578			1,971
Interest		2			4
Underwriting costs		42			187
Depreciation and amortization		857			1,716
Other administrative expenses		2,332			4,113
Total operating expenses		56,218			107,054
Loss from operations		801			(513	)

Other income (expenses)
Interest income		-			6
Interest expense and financing fees		446			766
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		(6,945	)		(8,033	)
Other income		215			215
Total other expenses		(6,284	)		(7,046	)
Loss from discontinued operations before income taxes		(5,483	)		(7,559	)

Income tax expense		1,438			1,438
Loss from discontinued operations		(6,921	)		(8,997	)

Gain from disposal of National		-			-
Total loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	$	(6,921	)	$	(8,997	)

During the six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company received $13.1 million or $3.25 per share, for its remaining ownership of National, as such as of June 30, 2019, the Company had no asset available for sale on its condensed consolidated balance sheets. In connection with this sale, the Company classified the assets and liabilities related to National, included on its condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018, as held for sale as presented in the table below:

	December 31,
($ in thousands)	2018
ASSETS
Current assets
Current assets held for sale	$	13,089
Total current assets held for sale		13,089

Total assets held for sale	$	13,089

The table below depicts the cash flows from the transaction for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2019		2018
Operating activities
Effect of elimination entry with discontinued operations presentation	$	-	$	(751	)
Net loss on discontinued operations		-		(8,997	)
Total cash used in discontinued operating activities	$	-	$	(9,748	)

Investing activities
Proceeds from sale of National	$	13,089	$	-
Total cash provided by discontinued investing activities	$	13,089	$	-

Collaboration and Stock Purchase Agreements

Caelum

Agreement with Alexion

In January 2019, the Company’s partner company, Caelum, signed an agreement with Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Alexion”) to advance the development of CAEL-101. Under the terms of the agreement, Alexion purchased a 19.9% minority equity interest in Caelum for $30 million. Additionally, Alexion has agreed to make potential payments to Caelum upon the achievement of certain developmental milestones, in exchange for which Alexion obtained a contingent exclusive option to acquire the remaining equity in the company for pre-negotiated economics.

In connection with the Alexion agreement, the Company deconsolidated its holdings in Caelum immediately prior to the execution of the agreement. The following table provides a summary of the assets and liabilities of Caelum impacted by the deconsolidation:

	January
($ in thousands)	2019
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,201
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		6
Total current assets	$	1,207

LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	$	2,246
Interest payable		198
Interest payable - related party		106
Note payable - related party		929
Note payable		9,914
Warrant liability		991
Total current liabilities		14,384
Net liability impacted by deconsolidation	$	13,177

In connection with this transaction the Company recorded a gain resulting from the deconsolidation of Caelum on its condensed consolidated financial statements for the six months ended June 30, 2019:

	Gain on deconsolidation of Caelum
($ in thousands)
Fair value of Caelum	$	11,193
Net liabilities deconsolidated		13,177
Non-controlling interest share		(4,849	)
Write off of MSA fees due Fortress		(1,000	)
Gain on deconsolidation of Caelum	$	18,521

Avenue

Agreement with InvaGen

On November 12, 2018, the Company’s partner company Avenue entered into a Stock Purchase and Merger Agreement (“SPMA”) with InvaGen Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“InvaGen”) and Madison Pharmaceuticals Inc., a newly-formed, wholly-owned subsidiary of InvaGen. Pursuant to the SPMA, and following approval by Avenue’s stockholders on February 8, 2019, InvaGen purchased a number of shares of Avenue common stock representing 33.3% of Avenue’s fully-diluted capital stock for net proceeds to Avenue of $31.5 million (after deducting fees and other offering-related costs).

Upon the achievement of certain closing conditions (including most notably U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for IV Tramadol, Avenue’s product candidate), InvaGen will be obligated to acquire Avenue via reverse triangular merger (the “Merger Transaction”). Under the Merger Transaction, InvaGen will pay $180 million (subject to certain potential reductions) to the holders of Avenue’s capital stock (other than InvaGen itself).

Subject to the terms and conditions described in the SPMA, InvaGen may also provide interim financing to Avenue in an amount of up to $7.0 million during the time period between February 8, 2019 and the Merger Transaction. Any amounts drawn on the interim financing will be deducted from the aggregate consideration payable to Company stockholders by virtue of the Merger Transaction.

Prior to the closing of the Merger Transaction, Avenue will enter into a Contingent Value Rights Agreement (the “CVR Agreement”) with a trust company as rights, pursuant to which holders of common shares of Avenue, other than InvaGen (each, a “Holder”), will be entitled to receive on Contingent Value Right (“CVR”) for each share held immediately prior to the Merger Transaction.

Each CVR represents the right of its holder to receive a contingent cash payment pursuant to the CVR Agreement upon the achievement of certain milestones. If, during the period commencing on the day following the closing of the Merger Transaction until December 31, 2028, IV Tramadol generates at least $325 million or more in Net Sales (as defined in the CVR Agreement) in a calendar year, each Holder shall be entitled to receive their pro rata share of (i) if the product generated less than $400 million in Net Sales during such calendar year, 10% of Gross Profit (as defined in the CVR Agreement), (ii) if the product generated between $400 million and $500 million in Net Sales during such calendar year, 12.5% of Gross Profit, or (iii) if the product generated more than $500 million in Net Sales during such calendar year, 15% of Gross Profit. Additionally, at any time beginning on January 1, 2029 that IV Tramadol has generated at least $1.5 billion in aggregate Net Sales, then with respect to each calendar year in which IV Tramadol generates $100 million or more in Net Sales, each Holder shall be entitled to receive their pro rata share of an amount equal to 20% of the Gross Profit generated by IV Tramadol. These additional payments will terminate on the earlier of December 31, 2036 and the date (which may be extended by up to 6 months) that any person has received approval from the FDA for an Abbreviated New Drug Application or an FDA AP-rated 505(b)(2) NDA using IV Tramadol.

Property and Equipment

Fortress’ property and equipment consisted of the following:

	Useful Life	June 30,			December 31,
($ in thousands)	(Years)	2019			2018
		(Unaudited)
Computer equipment	3	$	648		$	648
Furniture and fixtures	5		1,153			1,128
Machinery & equipment	5		3,666			3,143
Leasehold improvements	5-15		9,359			9,271
Construction in progress ⁽¹⁾	N/A		699			393
Total property and equipment			15,525			14,583
Less: Accumulated depreciation			(3,502	)		(2,564	)
Property and equipment, net		$	12,023		$	12,019

Note 1: Relates to the Mustang cell processing facility.

Fortress' depreciation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, was approximately $0.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively, and was recorded in both research and development expense and general and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Fortress' depreciation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, was approximately $0.9 million and $0.5 million, respectively, and was recorded in both research and development expense and general and administrative expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Fair Value Measurements

Certain of the Company’s financial instruments are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis but are recorded at amounts that approximate their fair value due to their liquid or short-term nature, such as accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

Fair Value of Caelum

The Company valued its investment in Caelum in accordance with ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, and estimated the fair value to be $11.2 million based on a per share value of $1.549. The following inputs were utilized to derive the value: risk free rate of return of 2.24%, volatility of 70% and a discount for lack of marketability of 27.9%.

In connection with the Development Option and Share Purchase Agreement (“DOSPA”) between Caelum and Alexion Therapeutics, Inc., Caelum’s convertible notes automatically converted into common shares of Caelum and the warrant liability payable to the placement agent in connection with the placement of the convertible notes was also issued.

Caelum Warrant Liability

The Caelum warrant liability and convertible notes did not exist as of June 30, 2019. A summary of the weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring Caelum’s warrant liability that are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2018 is as follows:

	December 31, 2018
Risk-free interest rate		2.905% - 2.909	%
Expected dividend yield		-	%
Expected term in years		3.84 - 3.96
Expected volatility		70	%

($ in thousands)	Fair Value of Derivative Warrant Liability
Beginning balance at January 1, 2019	$	991
Issuance of warrant due to conversion of note		(991	)
Ending balance at June 30, 2019	$	-

Caelum Convertible Notes

A summary of the weighted average (in aggregate) significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs) used in measuring Caelum’s convertible notes that are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2018 is as follows:

	December 31, 2018
Risk-free interest rate		2.302	%
Expected dividend yield		-	%
Expected term in years		0.32
Expected volatility		67	%

($ in thousands)	Caelum Convertible Notes, at fair value
Beginning balance at January 1, 2019	$	9,914
Conversion of the convertible notes		(9,914	)
Ending balance at June 30, 2019	$	-

The following tables classify into the fair value hierarchy of Fortress’ financial instruments, measured at fair value as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	Fair Value Measurement as of June 30, 2019
($ in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Fair value of investment in Caelum	$	-	$	-	$	11,193	$	11,193
Total	$	-	$	-	$	11,193	$	11,193

	Fair Value Measurement as of December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities
Caelum warrant liability	$	-	$	-	$	991	$	991
Caelum convertible notes, at fair value		-		-		9,914		9,914
Total	$	-	$	-	$	10,905	$	10,905

The table below provides a roll-forward of the changes in fair value of Level 3 financial instruments as of June 30, 2019:

($ in thousands)	Investment in Caelum		Caelum Convertible Note			Warrant liabilities			Total
Balance at December 31, 2018	$	-	$	9,914		$	991		$	10,905
Conversion of convertible notes		-		(9,914	)		-			(9,914	)
Issuance of warrant		-		-			(991	)		(991	)
Fair value of investment		11,193		-			-			11,193
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	11,193	$	-		$	-		$	11,193

As of June 30, 2019, no transfers occurred between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 instruments.

Licenses Acquired

In accordance with ASC 730-10-25-1, Research and Development, costs incurred in obtaining technology licenses are charged to research and development expense if the technology licensed has not reached technological feasibility and has no alternative future use. The licenses purchased by Fortress, Aevitas, Avenue, Cellvation, Checkpoint, Cyprium, Helocyte, Mustang and Tamid require substantial completion of research and development, and regulatory and marketing approval efforts in order to reach technological feasibility. As such, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the purchase price of licenses acquired was classified as research and development-licenses acquired in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as reflected in the table below:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Fortress Companies:
Helocyte	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	21
Mustang		200		-		650		75
Aevitas		-		1		-		1
Cellvation		-		-		-		1
Total	$	200	$	1	$	650	$	98

Mustang

In May 2017, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with the City of Hope National Medical Center (“COH”) for the use of CS1-specific chimeric antigen receptor (“CAR”) engineered T cell (“CAR T”) technology. Pursuant to this agreement, the Company paid an upfront fee of $0.6 million and pays an annual maintenance fee of $50,000. Additional payments are due for the achievement of ten development milestones totaling $14.9 million and royalty payments in the mid-single digits are due on net sales of licensed products.

In May 2019 the Company expensed a non-refundable milestone payment of $0.2 million upon the first patient dosed in a Phase 1 clinical study of CS1.

In February 2019, Mustang announced that it partnered and entered into an exclusive worldwide license agreement with Nationwide Children’s Hospital (“Nationwide”) to develop the C134 oncolytic virus (MB-108) for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (“GBM”). Mustang intends to combine MB-108 with MB-101 (IL13R2-specific CART) to potentially enhance efficacy in treating GBM. Mustang paid $0.2 million in consideration for the license for exclusive, worldwide rights to develop and commercialize products that incorporate data, know-how and/or C134 virus that were developed at Nationwide. Additional payments are due to Nationwide upon achievement of development and commercialization milestones totaling $152.8 million. Royalty payments in the low-single digits are due on net sales of licensed products.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, Mustang recorded the following expense in research and development for licenses acquired:

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		2019		2018
City of Hope (COH) - CD123 (MB-102)	$	-	$	-	$	250	$	-
Nationwide Children’s Hospital - C134 (MB-108)		-		-		200		-
CSI City of Hope Milestone (MB-104)		200				200
Manufacturing License		-		-		-		75
Total licenses acquired expense	$	200	$	-	$	650	$	75

Sponsored Research and Clinical Trial Agreements

Aevitas

In 2018, Aevitas entered into a Sponsored Research Agreement (“SRA”) with the University of Massachusetts (“UMass SRA”) for certain continued research and development activities related to the development of adeno-associated virus (“AAV”) gene therapies in complement-mediated diseases and with the Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania (“UPenn SRA”) for certain continued research and development activities related to the development of AAV gene therapies in complement-mediated diseases. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, Aevitas recorded the following expense in research and development for sponsored research and clinical trial agreements:

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		2019		2018
UMass - AAV	$	-	$	300	$	-	$	400
UPenn - AAV		250		-		500		-
Total	$	250	$	300	$	500	$	400

Cellvation

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively, Cellvation recorded expense of $0.1 million and $0.1 million and $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively in connection with its sponsored research arrangement with the University of Texas. The expense was recorded in research and development expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Mustang

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, Mustang recorded the following expense in research and development for sponsored research and clinical trial agreements:

	For the Three Months Ended June 30,				For the Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		2019		2018
COH CAR T	$	500	$	500	$	1,000	$	1,000
COH - CD123		456		114		759		264
COH - IL13Ra2		225		143		567		503
City of Hope - Manufacturing		115		115		229		229
BIDMC - CRISPR		-		-		69		-
Fred Hutch - CD20		374		418		641		684
Total	$	1,670	$	1,290	$	3,265	$	2,680

Intangibles, net

The table below provides a summary of the JMC intangible asset as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively:

	Estmated Useful	June 30,			December 31,
($ in thousands)	Lives (Years)	2019			2018
		(Unaudited)
Ceracade®	3	$	300		$	300
Luxamend®	3		50			50
Targadox®	3		1,250			1,250
Exelderm®	3		1,200			1,200
Total			2,800			2,800
Accumulated amortization			(1,829	)		(1,383	)
Net intangible assets		$	971		$	1,417

The table below provides a summary for the six months ended June 30, 2019, of JMC recognized expense related to its product licenses, which was recorded in costs of goods sold on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations:

($ in thousands)	Intangible Assets
Beginning balance at January 1, 2019	$	1,417
Amortization expense		(446	)
Ending balance at June 30, 2019	$	971

The future amortization of these intangible assets is as follows:

					Total
($ in thousands)	Targadox®		Exelderm®		Amortization
For the six-months ending December 31, 2019	$	104	$	200	$	304
December 31, 2020		-		400		400
December 31, 2021		-		267		267
Total	$	104	$	867	$	971

10.

Debt and Interest

Debt

Total debt consists of the following as of June 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

	June 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018		Interest rate			Maturity
($ in thousands)	(Unaudited)
IDB Note	$	14,929	$	14,929		2.25	%	Aug - 2020
2017 Subordinated Note Financing		3,254		3,254		8.00	%	March – 2020⁽³⁾
2017 Subordinated Note Financing		13,893		13,893		8.00	%	May - 2020⁽³⁾
2017 Subordinated Note Financing		1,820		1,820		8.00	%	June - 2020⁽³⁾
2017 Subordinated Note Financing		3,018		3,018		8.00	%	August - 2020⁽³⁾
2017 Subordinated Note Financing		6,371		6,371		8.00	%	September - 2020⁽³⁾
2018 Venture Notes		6,517		6,517		8.00	%	February - 2021⁽³⁾
2018 Venture Notes		15,190		15,190		8.00	%	March - 2021⁽³⁾
Opus Credit Facility⁽¹⁾		9,500		9,500		12.00	%	September - 2019⁽³⁾
Mustang Horizon Notes⁽²⁾		15,750		-		9.00	%	October - 2022
Caelum Convertible Note, at fair value		-		1,000		8.00	%	January - 2019
Caelum Convertible Note, at fair value		-		6,800		8.00	%	February - 2019
Caelum Convertible Note, at fair value		-		2,114		8.00	%	March - 2019
Total notes payable		90,242		84,406
Less: Discount on notes payable		6,539		4,903
Total notes payable	$	83,703	$	79,503

Note 1: Classified as short-term on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2018.

Note 2: Interest rate is 9.0% plus one-month LIBOR Rate in excess of 2.5%.

Note 3: Maturity date extended (see Note 21)

Mustang Horizon Notes

On March 29, 2019 (“Closing Date”), Mustang entered into a $20.0 million venture debt financing agreement (the “Loan Agreement”) with Horizon Technology Finance Corporation (“Horizon”), the proceeds of which will provide Mustang with additional working capital to continue development of its gene and cell therapies. In accordance with the Loan Agreement, $15.0 million of the $20.0 million loan was funded on the Closing Date, with the remaining $5.0 million fundable upon Mustang achieving certain predetermined milestones.

Each advance under the Horizon Loan Agreement will mature 42 months from the first day of the month following the funding of the advance. The first three advances will mature on October 1, 2022 (the “Loan Maturity Date”). Each advance accrues interest at a per annum rate of interest equal to 9.00% plus the amount by which the one-month LIBOR Rate, as reported in the Wall Street Journal, exceeds 2.5%. The Loan Agreement provides for interest-only payments commencing May 1, 2019 through and including October 1, 2020. The interest-only period may be extended to April 1, 2021 if Mustang satisfies the Interest Only Extension Milestone (as defined in the Loan Agreement). Thereafter, commencing May 1, 2021, amortization payments will be payable monthly in eighteen installments of principal and interest. At its option, upon ten business days’ prior written notice to Horizon, Mustang may prepay all or any portion greater than or equal to $500,000 of each of the outstanding advances by paying the entire principal balance (or portion thereof) and all accrued and unpaid interest, subject to a prepayment charge of 4.0% of the then outstanding principal balance of each advance if such advance is prepaid on or before the Loan Amortization Date (as defined in the Loan Agreement), 3% if such advance is prepaid after the Loan Amortization Date applicable to such Loan, but on or prior to twelve months following the Loan Amortization Date, and 2% thereafter. In addition, a final payment equal to $0.3 million for each advance (i.e., $0.8 million in aggregate with respect to the initial $15.0 million) is due on the maturity date or other date of payment in full. Amounts outstanding during an event of default shall be payable on demand and shall accrue interest at an additional rate of 5.0% per annum of the past due amount outstanding.

Each advance of the loan is secured by a lien on substantially all of the assets of Mustang, other than Intellectual Property and Excluded Collateral (in each case as defined in the Loan Agreement), and contains customary covenants and representations, including a liquidity covenant, financial reporting covenant and limitations on dividends, indebtedness, collateral, investments, distributions, transfers, mergers or acquisitions, taxes, corporate changes, deposit accounts, and subsidiaries.

The events of default under the Loan Agreement include, among other things, without limitation, and subject to customary grace periods, (1) Mustang’s failure to make any payments of principal or interest under the Loan Agreement, promissory notes or other loan documents, (2) Mustang’s breach or default in the performance of any covenant under the Loan Agreement, (3) the occurrence of a material adverse change, (4) Mustang making a false or misleading representation or warranty in any material respect, (5) Mustang’s insolvency or bankruptcy, (6) certain attachments or judgments on the Mustang’s assets, (7) the occurrence of any material default under certain agreements or obligations of Mustang involving indebtedness in excess of $0.3 million or (8) failing to maintain minimum monthly cash balances which range from approximately $8.0 million to $13.0 million over the term of the loan. If an event of default occurs, Horizon is entitled to take enforcement action, including acceleration of amounts due under the Loan Agreement.

The Loan Agreement also contains warrant coverage of 5% of the total amount of the facility. Four warrants (the “Warrants”) were issued by Mustang to Horizon to purchase a combined 288,184 shares of Mustang’s common stock with an exercise price of $3.47 and a fair value of $0.9 million. The Warrant is exercisable for ten years from the date of issuance. Horizon may exercise the Warrant either by (a) cash or check or (b) through a net issuance conversion. The shares of Mustang’s common stock will, upon request by Horizon, be registered and freely tradeable following a period of six months after issuance.

Mustang paid Horizon an initial commitment fee of $0.2 million and reimbursed Horizon for $30,000 of legal fees in connection with the Loan Agreement. Mustang incurred approximately $1.2 million of legal and other direct costs incurred in connection with the Loan Agreement.

All fees, warrants, and costs paid to Horizon and all direct costs incurred by Mustang are recognized as a debt discount to the funded loans and are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Loan Agreement.

Interest Expense

The following table shows the details of interest expense for all debt arrangements during the periods presented. Interest expense includes contractual interest and amortization of the debt discount and amortization of fees represents fees associated with loan transaction costs, amortized over the life of the loan:

	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2019						2018
($ in thousands)	Interest		*Fees^{( 1)}*		Total		Interest			*Fees ^{( 1)}*		Total
IDB Note	$	85	$	-	$	85	$	85		$	-	$	85
2017 Subordinated Note Financing		1,048		392		1,440		1,049			357		1,406
Opus Credit Facility		284		119		403		284			101		385
2018 Venture Notes		432		156		588		429			128		557
LOC Fees		16		-		16		9			-		9
Helocyte Convertible Note		-		-		-		19			-		19
Caelum Convertible Note		-		-		-		195			-		195
Mustang Horizon Notes		342		232		574		-			-		-
Other		-		-		-		(66	)		-		(66	)
Total Interest Expense and Financing Fee	$	2,207	$	899	$	3,106	$	2,004		$	586	$	2,590

Note 1: Amortization of fees

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019						2018
($ in thousands)	Interest		*Fees ^{( 1)}*		Total		Interest			*Fees ^{( 1)}*		Total
IDB Note	$	168	$	-	$	168	$	169		$	-	$	169
2017 Subordinated Note Financing		2,076		755		2,831		2,097			682		2,779
Opus Credit Facility		565		232		797		565			420		985
2018 Venture Notes		861		302		1,163		485			145		630
LOC Fees		31		-		31		16			-		16
Helocyte Convertible Note		-		-		-		87			-		87
Caelum Convertible Note		-		-		-		391			-		391
Mustang Horizon Notes		353		232		585		-			-		-
Other		-		-		-		(64	)		-		(64	)
Total Interest Expense and Financing Fee	$	4,054	$	1,521	$	5,575	$	3,746		$	1,247	$	4,993

Note 1: Amortization of fees

11.

Leases

On October 3, 2014, the Company entered into a 15-year lease for office space at 2 Gansevoort Street, New York, NY 10014, at an average annual rent of $2.7 million. The Company took possession of this space, which serves as its principal executive offices, in December 2015, and took occupancy in April 2016. Total rent expense, over the full term of the lease for this space will approximate $40.7 million. In conjunction with the lease, the Company entered into Desk Space Agreements with two related parties: OPPM and TGTX, to occupy 10% and 45%, respectively, of the office space that requires them to pay their share of the average annual rent of $0.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The total net rent expense will approximate $16.0 million over the lease term. These initial rent allocations will be adjusted periodically for each party based upon actual percentage of the office space occupied. Additionally, the Company has reserved the right to execute desk space agreements with other third parties and those arrangements will also affect the cost of the lease actually borne by us.

In October 2015, the Company entered into a 5-year lease for approximately 6,100 square feet of office space in Waltham, MA at an average annual rent of approximately $0.2 million. The Company took occupancy of this space in January 2016.

Journey

In June 2017, Journey extended its lease for 2,295 square feet of office space in Scottsdale, AZ by one year, at an average annual rent of approximately $55,000. Journey originally took occupancy of this space in November 2014. In August 2018, Journey amended their lease and entered into a new two-year extension for 3,681 square feet of office space in the same location in Scottsdale, AZ at an annual rate of approximately $94,000. The term of this amended lease commenced on December 1, 2018 and will expire on November 30, 2020.

Mustang

On October 27, 2017, Mustang entered into a lease agreement with WCS - 377 Plantation Street, Inc., a Massachusetts nonprofit corporation (“Landlord”). Pursuant to the terms of the lease agreement, Mustang agreed to lease 27,043 square feet from the Landlord, located at 377 Plantation Street in Worcester, MA (the “Facility”), through November 2026, subject to additional extensions at Mustang’s option. Base rent, net of abatements of $0.6 million over the lease term, totals approximately $3.6 million, on a triple-net basis.

The Facility initiated cell processing operations for both personalized CAR T and gene therapies in late 2018.

The Company leases copiers under agreements classified as operating leases that expire on various dates through 2021.

Most of the Company’s lease liabilities result from the lease of its New York City, NY office, which expires in 2031 and Mustang’s Worcester, MA cell processing facility lease, which expires in 2026. Such leases do not require any contingent rental payments, impose any financial restrictions, or contain any residual value guarantees. Certain of the Company’s leases include renewal options and escalation clauses; renewal options have not been included in the calculation of the lease liabilities and right of use assets as the Company is not reasonably certain to exercise the options. The Company does not act as a lessor or have any leases classified as financing leases. At June 30, 2019, the Company had operating lease liabilities of $26.1 million and right of use assets of $22.3 million, which were included in the condensed balance sheet.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recorded $0.8 million and $1.6 million, respectively, as lease expense to current period operations.

($ in thousands)	Three Months Ended June 30, 2019			Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	803		$	1,599
Shared lease costs		(452	)		(929	)
Variable lease cost		337			415
Total lease cost	$	688		$	1,085

The following tables summarize quantitative information about the Company’s operating leases, under the adoption of Topic 842:

($ in thousands)	Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	(1,540	)
Weighted-average remaining lease term – operating leases		6.5
Weighted-average discount rate – operating leases		6.2	%

	Future Lease
($ in thousands)	Liability
Six months ended December 31, 2019	$	1,098
Year Ended December 31, 2020		3,351
Year Ended December 31, 2021		3,114
Year Ended December 31, 2022		3,084
Year Ended December 31, 2023		3,137
Other		23,463
Total		37,247
Less: present value discount		(11,111	)
Operating lease liabilities	$	26,136

At December 31, 2018, the total future minimum lease payments under all leases were:

($ in thousands)
2019	$	3,070
2020		3,289
2021		3,084
2022		3,084
2023		3,137
Beyond		23,466
Total minimum lease payments	$	39,130

12.

Accrued Liabilities and other Long-Term Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other long-term liabilities consisted of the following:

	June 30,		December 31,
	2019		2018
($ in thousands)	(Unaudited)
Accrued expenses:
Professional fees	$	1,051	$	1,434
Salaries, bonuses and related benefits		4,479		5,843
Research and development		3,527		3,805
Research and development – manufacturing		946		826
Research and development – clinical supplies		160		160
Research and development - license maintenance fees		409		519
Research and development -milestones		200		200
Dr. Falk Pharma milestone		-		300
Accrued royalties payable		1,641		1,108
Accrued coupon expense		981		838
Other		1,401		1,327
Total accrued expenses	$	14,795	$	16,360

Other long-term liabilities:
Deferred rent and long-term lease abandonment charge⁽¹⁾		2,229		5,211
Total other long-term liabilities	$	2,229	$	5,211

Note 1: As of June 30, 2019, balance consists of deferred charges related to build-out of the New York facility, and as of December 31, 2018, balance consists of deferred rent and deferred build out charges.

13.

Non-Controlling Interests

Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities are as follows:

	As of June 30, 2019
($ in thousands)	NCI equity share			Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests			Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities			Non- controlling ownership
Aevitas	$	(1,169	)	$	(301	)	$	(1,470	)		36.1	%
Avenue⁽²⁾		23,900			(13,172	)		10,728			77.2	%
Cellvation		(697	)		(90	)		(787	)		21.1	%
Checkpoint⁽¹⁾		12,042			(7,069	)		4,973			69.0	%
Coronado SO		(290	)		-			(290	)		13.0	%
Cyprium		(292	)		(73	)		(365	)		10.6	%
Helocyte		(4,136	)		(79	)		(4,215	)		19.3	%
JMC		(223	)		83			(140	)		6.9	%
Mustang⁽²⁾		61,361			(11,263	)		50,098			70.1	%
Tamid		(521	)		(65	)		(586	)		23.4	%
Total	$	89,975		$	(32,029	)	$	57,946

	As of December 31, 2018
($ in thousands)	NCI equity share			Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests			Non-controlling interests in consolidated entities			Non- controlling ownership
Aevitas	$	(474	)	$	(606	)	$	(1,080	)		36.1	%
Avenue⁽²⁾		13,326			(13,735	)		(409	)		64.8	%
Caelum⁽³⁾		(2,436	)		(2,413	)		(4,849	)		36.8	%
Cellvation		(457	)		(185	)		(642	)		21.1	%
Checkpoint⁽¹⁾		31,648			(23,470	)		8,178			69.3	%
Coronado SO		(290	)		-			(290	)		13.0	%
Cyprium		(210	)		(62	)		(272	)		10.8	%
Helocyte		(3,372	)		(684	)		(4,056	)		19.8	%
JMC		(475	)		245			(230	)		6.9	%
Mustang⁽²⁾		38,631			(16,628	)		22,003			60.5	%
Tamid		(211	)		(251	)		(462	)		23.4	%
Total	$	75,680		$	(57,789	)	$	17,891

Note 1: Checkpoint is consolidated with Fortress’ operations because Fortress maintains voting control through its ownership of Checkpoint’s Class A Common Shares which provide super-majority voting rights.

Note 2: Avenue and Mustang are consolidated with Fortress’ operations because Fortress maintains voting control through its ownership of Preferred Class A Shares which provide super-majority voting rights.

Note 3: Effective January 30, 2019, Caelum ceased to be a controlled Fortress entity and as such is no longer consolidated.

14.

Net Loss per Common Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common stock and common stock equivalents outstanding for the period.

The Company’s common stock equivalents, including unvested restricted stock, options, and warrants have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be to reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, the weighted average common stock outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share is the same.

The following shares of potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the computations of diluted weighted average shares outstanding, as the effect of including such securities would be anti-dilutive at the end of the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2019		2018
Warrants to purchase Common Stock		874,189		894,189
Opus warrants to purchase Common Stock		1,880,000		1,880,000
Options to purchase Common Stock		1,148,347		1,085,502
Convertible preferred stock		1,000,000		1,000,000
Unvested Restricted Stock		12,623,290		11,023,682
Unvested Restricted Stock Units		840,845		1,864,980
Total		18,366,671		17,748,353

15.

Stockholders’ Equity

Stock-based Compensation

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense from stock option, employee stock purchase programs and restricted Common Stock awards and warrants for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Employee awards	$	920	$	1,121	$	1,855	$	2,063
Executive awards of Fortress Companies' stock		355		444		707		962
Non-employee awards		71		23		69		46
Fortress Companies:
Avenue		535		322		1,286		671
Checkpoint		813		72		1,611		1,209
Mustang		622		972		1,054		2,966
Other		57		198		100		30
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,373	$	3,152	$	6,682	$	7,947

For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, approximately $0.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense was included in research and development expenses in connection with equity grants made to employees and consultants and approximately $2.6 million and $2.4 million, respectively, was included in general and administrative expenses in connection with grants made to employees, members of the board of directors and consultants.

For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, approximately $1.4 million and $3.1 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense was included in research and development expenses in connection with equity grants made to employees and consultants and approximately $5.3 million and $4.8 million, respectively, was included in general and administrative expenses in connection with grants made to employees, members of the board of directors and consultants.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes Fortress stock option activities excluding activity related to Fortress partner companies:

	Number of shares		Weighted average exercise price		Total weighted average intrinsic value		Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Options vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2018		1,285,501	$	3.75	$	-		2.93
Granted		125,000	$	1.18		40,000		-
Options vested and expected to vest at June 30, 2019		1,410,501	$	4.30	$	89,249		2.83
Options vested and exercisable		1,285,501	$	4.60	$	49,249		2.67

As of June 30, 2019, Fortress had no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to options.

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes Fortress restricted stock awards and restricted stock units activities, excluding activities related to Fortress Companies:

	Number of shares			Weighted average grant price
Unvested balance at December 31, 2018		12,645,982		$	2.72
Restricted stock granted		1,516,408			0.86
Restricted stock forfeited		-			-
Restricted stock vested		(220,000	)		3.16
Restricted stock units granted		40,000			1.63
Restricted stock units forfeited		(185,106	)		4.45
Restricted stock units vested		(148,334	)		3.41
Unvested balance at June 30, 2019		13,648,950		$	2.47

As of June 30, 2019, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards of approximately $13.6 million and $2.1 million, respectively, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 5.2 years and 2.2 years, respectively.

Warrants

The following table summarizes Fortress warrant activities, excluding activities related to Fortress Companies:

	Number of shares		Weighted average exercise price		Total intrinsic value		Weighted average remaining contractual life (years)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2018		2,754,189	$	3.28	$	7,800		3.49
No activity		-		-		-		-
Outstanding as of June 30, 2019		2,754,189	$	3.28	$	7,800		3.00
Exercisable as of June 30, 2019		849,189	$	3.92	$	7,800		2.64

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Eligible employees can purchase the Company’s Common Stock at the end of a predetermined offering period at 85% of the lower of the fair market value at the beginning or end of the offering period. The ESPP is compensatory and results in stock-based compensation expense.

As of June 30, 2019, 410,728 shares have been purchased and 589,272 shares are available for future sale under the Company’s ESPP. Share-based compensation expense recorded was approximately $19,000 and $43,000, respectively for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, and was approximately $39,000 and $81,000, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018.

Capital Raises

At-the-Market Offering

Pursuant to the terms of the Company’s Amended and Restated At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, or Sales Agreement, with B. Riley FBR, Inc. (“B. Riley,” f/k/a MLV & Co. LLC, and FBR Capital Markets & Co.) (the “ATM”), for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2019, the Company issued approximately 4.5 million and 7.4 million shares of common stock at an average price of $1.72 and $1.88 per share for gross proceeds of $7.7 million and $14.0 million, respectively. In connection with these sales, the Company paid aggregate fees of approximately $0.3 million. The Sales Agreement terminates on August 17, 2019.

These shares were sold pursuant to the current shelf registration statement on Form S-3; approximately $6.8 million of the shelf remains available for sale at June 30, 2019.

2019 At-the-Market Offering

On June 28, 2019, the Company entered into an At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (“2019 ATM”), with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Oppenheimer & Co., Inc., H.C. Wainwright & Co. Inc., Jones Trading Institutional Services LLC and B. Riley FBR, Inc., (each an "Agent" and collectively, the "Agents"). Also June 28, 2019, the Company filed the Second Amendment to Registration Statement No. 333-226089 on Form S-3 (the “Registration Statement”) which, upon effectiveness, will permit the Company to issue and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $50.0 million from time to time through the Agents under the 2019 ATM. Under the 2019 ATM, the Company pays the Agents a commission rate of up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of any shares of common stock.

The 2019 ATM terminates on the earlier of three years from the date of effectiveness of the Form S-3 or the sale of all shares of common stock registered on the Registration Statement. The Company was notified by the SEC that the S-3 was declared effective on July 23, 2019.

Checkpoint Therapeutics, Inc.

Checkpoint At-the-Market Offering

In November 2017, Checkpoint filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (the "Checkpoint S-3"), which was declared effective in December 2017. Under the Checkpoint S-3, Checkpoint may sell up to a total of $100 million of its securities. In connection with the Checkpoint S-3, Checkpoint entered into an At-the-Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the "Checkpoint ATM") with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., Ladenburg Thalmann & Co. Inc. and H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (each an "Agent" and collectively, the "Agents"), relating to the sale of shares of common stock. Under the Checkpoint ATM, Checkpoint pays the Agents a commission rate of up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of any shares of common stock.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, Checkpoint sold a total of 997,957 and 1,088,226 of its common stock, respectively, under the Checkpoint ATM for aggregate total gross proceeds of approximately $4.1 million and $4.5 million at an average selling price of $4.12 per share. Pursuant to the Founders Agreement, Checkpoint issued 24,941 and 27,195 shares of common stock to Fortress during the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, respectively, for the ATM offering noted above. No sales were made during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 under the Checkpoint ATM.

In July 2019, Checkpoint was added to the Russell 2000® Index.

Approximately $61.5 million of the shelf remains available for sale under the Checkpoint S-3, following the offerings noted above. Checkpoint may offer the securities under the Checkpoint S-3 from time to time in response to market conditions or other circumstances if it believes such a plan of financing is in the best interests of its stockholders.

Mustang Bio, Inc.

Mustang At-the-Market Offering

On July 13, 2018, Mustang filed a shelf registration statement No. 333-226175 on Form S-3, as amended on July 20, 2018 (the "Mustang S-3"), which was declared effective in August 2018. Under the Mustang S-3, Mustang may sell up to a total of $75.0 million of its securities. In connection with the Mustang S-3, Mustang entered into an At-the-Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the "Mustang ATM") with B. Riley FBR, Inc., Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., National Securities Corporation, and Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. (each an "Agent" and collectively, the "Agents"), relating to the sale of shares of common stock. Under the Mustang ATM, Mustang pays the Agents a commission rate of up to 3.0% of the gross proceeds from the sale of any shares of common stock.

During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2019, Mustang issued approximately 3.5 million shares of common stock at an average price of $6.42 per share for gross proceeds of $22.5 million. In connection with these sales, Mustang paid aggregate fees of approximately $0.5 million, for net proceeds of approximately $22.0 million. No sales where made under the Mustang ATM in 2018.

Mustang Public Offering of Common Stock

In May 2019, Mustang announced the pricing of an underwritten public offering, whereby it sold 6,875,000 shares of its common stock, (plus a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,031,250 shares of common stock, which was exercised in May 2019) at a price of $4.00 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $31.6 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. The shares were sold under the Mustang S-3. Mustang paid aggregate fees of approximately $2.1 million and received approximately $29.5 million of net proceeds.

As of June 30, 2019, approximately $20.9 million of the Mustang S-3 remains available for sales of securities.

16.

Commitments and Contingencies

Indemnification

In accordance with its certificate of incorporation, bylaws and indemnification agreements, the Company has indemnification obligations to its officers and directors for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while they are serving at the Company’s request in such capacity. There have been no claims to date, and the Company has director and officer insurance to address such claims. Pursuant to agreements with clinical trial sites, the Company provides indemnification to such sites in certain conditions.

Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries may be subject to both insured and uninsured litigation. Suits and claims may be brought against the Company by customers, suppliers, partners and/or third parties (including tort claims for personal injury arising from clinical trials of the Company’s product candidates and property damage) alleging deficiencies in performance, breach of contract, etc., and seeking resulting alleged damages.

17.

Related Party Transactions

Other Related Parties

The Company’s Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, individually and through certain trusts over which he has voting and dispositive control, beneficially owned approximately 12.1% of the Company’s issued and outstanding Common Stock as of June 30, 2019. The Company’s Executive Vice Chairman, Strategic Development owns approximately 13.8% of the Company’s issued and outstanding Common Stock at June 30, 2019.

Shared Services Agreement with TGTX

TGTX and the Company entered into an arrangement to share the cost of certain research and development employees. The Company’s Executive Vice Chairman, Strategic Development, is Executive Chairman and Interim Chief Executive Officer of TGTX. Under the terms of the Agreement, TGTX will reimburse the Company for the salary and benefit costs associated with these employees based upon actual hours worked on TGTX related projects. For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company invoiced TGTX $0.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company invoiced TGTX $0.2 million and $1.0 million, respectively. At June 30, 2019, the amount receivable from TGTX related to this arrangement approximated $0.1 million.

Desk Space Agreements with TGTX and OPPM

In connection with the Company’s Desk Space Agreements with TGTX and Opus Point Partners Management, LLC (“OPPM”), for the three months ended June 30, 2019, the Company had paid $0.7 million in rent under the Desk Space Agreements, and invoiced TGTX and OPPM approximately $0.3 million and $0.1 million, respectively, for their prorated share of the rent base. At June 30, 2019, the amount due related to this arrangement from TGTX approximated $0.1 million and the amount due from OPPM approximated $0.3 million.

Opus Credit Facility

On March 12, 2018, the Company and OPHIF amended and restated the Opus Credit Facility (the “A&R Opus Credit Facility”) extending the maturity date of the notes issued under the Opus Credit Facility from September 14, 2018 by one year to September 14, 2019. On August 7, 2019, the maturity date of the notes was extended to September 14, 2020 (see Note 21). The A&R Opus Credit Facility also permits the Company to make portions of interest and principal repayments in the form of shares of the Company’s common stock and/or in common stock of the Company’s publicly-traded subsidiaries, subject to certain conditions. Fortress retains the ability to prepay the Notes at any time without penalty. The notes payable under the A&R Opus Credit Facility continue to bear interest at 12% per annum. For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Subsequent to June 30, 2019, the Company prepaid $500,000 of outstanding debt under the Opus Credit Facility in the form of common shares of the Company (see Note 21).

Founders Agreements

The Company has entered into Founders Agreements and, in some cases, Exchange Agreements with certain of its subsidiaries as described in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 18, 2019. The following table summarizes, by subsidiary, the effective date of the Founders Agreements and PIK dividend or equity fee payable to the Company in accordance with the terms of the Founders Agreements, Exchange Agreements and the subsidiaries’ certificates of incorporation.

Fortress Partner Company	Effective Date ⁽¹⁾	PIK Dividend as a % of fully diluted outstanding capitalization			Class of Stock Issued
Helocyte	March 20, 2015		2.5	%	Common Stock
Avenue	February 17, 2015		0.0	%⁽²⁾	Common Stock
Mustang	March 13, 2015		2.5	%	Common Stock

Fortress Partner Company	Effective Date ⁽¹⁾	PIK Dividend as a % of fully diluted outstanding capitalization			Class of Stock Issued
Checkpoint	March 17, 2015		0.0	%⁽³⁾	Common Stock
Cellvation	October 31, 2016		2.5	%	Common Stock
Caelum	January 1, 2017		0.0	%⁽⁴⁾	Common Stock
Cyprium	March 13, 2017		2.5	%	Common Stock
Aevitas	July 28, 2017		2.5	%	Common Stock
Tamid	November 30, 2017 ⁽⁵⁾		2.5	%	Common Stock

Note 1: Represents the effective date of each subsidiary’s Founders Agreement. Each PIK dividend and equity fee is payable on the annual anniversary of the effective date of the original Founders Agreement or has since been amended to January 1 of each calendar year.

Note 2: Concurrently with the execution and delivery of the Stock Purchase and Merger Agreement (“SPMA”) entered into between Avenue, the Company and InvaGen Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“InvaGen”) (together, the “SPMA Parties”), the SPMA Parties entered into a waiver agreement (the “Waiver Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company irrevocably waived its right to receive the annual dividend of Avenue’s common shares under the terms of the Class A preferred stock and any fees, payments, reimbursements or other distributions under the management services agreement between the Company and Avenue and the Founders Agreement, for the period from the effective date of the Waiver Agreement to the termination of InvaGen’s rights under the SPMA. Pursuant to the Waiver Agreement, immediately prior to the closing of the Merger Transaction contemplated under the SPMA, the Company will convert all of its preferred shares into common shares pursuant to the terms of the certificate of incorporation of Avenue, as amended from time to time.

Note 3: Instead of a PIK dividend, Checkpoint pays the Company an annual equity fee in shares of Checkpoint’s common stock equal to 2.5% of Checkpoint’s fully diluted outstanding capitalization.

Note 4: Effective January 31, 2019 the Caelum Founders Agreement and MSA with Fortress were terminated in conjunction with the execution of the DOSPA between Caelum and Alexion Therapeutics, Inc. (See Note 4).

Note 5: Represents the Trigger Date, the date that the Fortress partner company first acquires, whether by license or otherwise, ownership rights in a product.

Management Services Agreements

The Company has entered in Management Services Agreements (the “MSAs”) with certain of its subsidiaries as described in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the SEC on March 18, 2019. The following table summarizes, by subsidiary, the effective date of the MSA and the annual consulting fee payable by the subsidiary to the Company in quarterly installments:

Fortress partner company	Effective Date	Annual MSA Fee (Income)/Expense
Helocyte	March 20, 2015	$	500
Avenue ⁽¹⁾	February 17, 2015		-
Mustang	March 13, 2015		500
Checkpoint	March 17, 2015		500
Cellvation	October 31, 2016		500
Caelum⁽²⁾	January 1, 2017		-
Cyprium	March 13, 2017		500
Aevitas	July 28, 2017		500
Tamid	November 30, 2017		500
Fortress			(3,500	)
Consolidated (Income)/Expense		$	-

Note 1: Concurrently with the execution and delivery of the SPMA entered into between, Avenue, the Company and InvaGen Pharmaceuticals Inc. (“InvaGen”) (together, the “SPMA Parties”), the SPMA Parties entered into a waiver agreement (the “Waiver Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company irrevocably waived its right to receive the annual dividend of Avenue’s common shares under the terms of the Class A preferred stock and any fees, payments, reimbursements or other distributions under the management services agreement between the Company and Avenue and the Founders Agreement, for the period from the effective date of the Waiver Agreement to the termination of InvaGen’s rights under the SPMA. Pursuant to the Waiver Agreement, immediately prior to the closing of the Merger Transaction contemplated under the SPMA, the Company will convert all of its preferred shares into common shares pursuant to the terms of the certificate of incorporation of Avenue, as amended from time to time. (See Note 4).

Note 2: Effective January 31, 2019 the Caelum Founders Agreement and MSA with Fortress were terminated in conjunction with the execution of a DOSPA between Caelum and Alexion Therapeutics, Inc. and $1.0 million of fees accrued under the MSA were written off (See Note 4).

18.

Segment Information

The Company operates in two reportable segments, Dermatology Product Sales and Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Product Development. The accounting policies of the Company’s segments are the same as those described in Note 2. Prior to the sale of National the Company operated in three segments, one of which included National, see Note 3. The following tables summarize, for the periods indicated, operating results, from continued operations by reportable segment:

	Dermatology			Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology
($ in thousands)	Products			Product
Three Months Ended June 30, 2019	Sales			Development			Consolidated
Net Revenue	$	8,199		$	1,051		$	9,250
Direct cost of goods		(2,386	)		-			(2,386	)
Sales and marketing costs		(4,202	)		-			(4,202	)
Research and development⁽¹⁾		-			(18,711	)		(18,711	)
General and administrative		(747	)		(8,494	)		(9,241	)
Segment income (loss) from operations	$	864		$	(26,154	)	$	(25,290	)
Segment assets	$	9,313		$	217,951		$	227,264

*($ in thousands)* Three Months Ended June 30, 2018	Dermatology Products Sales			Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Product Development			Consolidated
Net Revenue	$	6,689			126		$	6,815
Direct cost of goods		(1,668	)		-			(1,668	)
Sales and marketing costs		(2,910	)		-			(2,910	)
Research and development⁽¹⁾		-			(17,489	)		(17,489	)
General and administrative		(383	)		(9,763	)		(10,146	)
Segment income (loss) from operations		1,728			(27,126	)		(25,398	)
Segment assets	$	11,307		$	159,763		$	171,070
Assets held for sale								65,796
Total consolidated								236,866

	Dermatology			Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology
($ in thousands)	Products			Product
Six Months Ended June 30, 2019	Sales			Development			Consolidated
Net Revenue	$	14,324		$	1,403		$	15,727
Direct cost of goods		(4,270	)		-			(4,270	)
Sales and marketing costs		(7,695	)		-			(7,695	)
Research and development⁽¹⁾		-			(42,434	)		(42,434	)
General and administrative		(1,139	)		(18,087	)		(19,226	)
Segment income (loss) from operations	$	1,220		$	(59,118	)	$	(57,898	)
Segment assets	$	9,313		$	217,951		$	227,264

*($ in thousands)* *Six Months Ended June 30, 2018*	Dermatology Products Sales			Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Product Development			Consolidated
Net Revenue	$	12,198		$	520		$	12,718
Direct cost of goods		(3,140	)		-			(3,140	)
Sales and marketing costs		(5,670	)		-			(5,670	)
Research and development⁽¹⁾		-			(42,544	)		(42,544	)
General and administrative		(783	)		(20,151	)		(20,934	)
Segment loss from operations	$	2,605			(62,175	)	$	(59,570	)
Segment assets	$	11,307			159,763		$	171,070
Assets held for sale								65,796
Total consolidated								236,866

Note 1: Research and development includes the cost of licenses acquired.

19.

Revenues from Contracts and Significant Customers

Disaggregation of Total Revenues

The Company has seven marketed products, with the majority of sales from Targadox®, Luxamend®, Ceracade® and Exelderm®. Substantially all of the Company’s product revenues are recorded in the U.S. Substantially all of the Company’s collaboration revenues are from its collaboration with TGTX. Revenues by product and collaborator are summarized as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		2019		2018
Targadox®	$	7,230	$	6,363	$	12,930	$	11,861
Other branded revenue		969		326		1,394		337
Total product revenues		8,199		6,689		14,324		12,198
TGTX		1,051		126		1,403		520
Total Revenue	$	9,250	$	6,815	$	15,727	$	12,718

Significant Customers

Commencing in the second quarter of 2018, the majority of our dermatology products are sold under a third party logistics (“3PL”) Title Model, and as such, one customer consistently accounts for over 80% of gross product revenue and AR. Under a 3PL Title Model, the company sells product to a 3PL, who in turn, manages distribution and collections.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, gross product revenue under the 3PL Title Model accounted for approximately 84.0% and 86.0%, respectively.

For the three months ended June 30, 2018, two of the Company’s Dermatology Products customers each accounted for approximately 53.0% and 11.0% of total gross product revenue.

For the six months ended June 30, 2018, three of the Company’s Dermatology Products customers each accounted for approximately 27%, 16% and 12% of total gross product revenue.

At June 30, 2019, one of the Company’s Dermatology Products customers accounted for approximately 77.0% of total gross accounts receivable. At December 31, 2018, one of the Company’s Dermatology Products customers accounted for approximately 80% of total gross accounts receivable.

20.

Incomes taxes

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to US federal and state income taxes. Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of Management, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company files a consolidated income tax return with subsidiaries for which the Company has an 80% or greater ownership interest. Subsidiaries for which the Company does not have an 80% or more ownership are not included in the Company’s consolidated income tax group and file their own separate income tax return. As a result, certain corporate entities included in these financial statements are not able to combine or offset their taxable income or losses with other entities’ tax attributes.

Income tax expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018 is based on the estimated annual effective tax rate.

21.

Subsequent Events

On July 18, 2019, Dr. Rosenwald acquired 396,825 common shares of the Company at $1.26 per share. The shares were acquired as a result of the prepayment by the Company of $500,000 of debt owed to Dr. Rosenwald that was held in the name of Opus Point Healthcare Innovations Fund, LP (“Opus”), an investment fund co-owned by Dr. Rosenwald, in the form of the Company’s common stock (measured at the closing price on July 18, 2019), under that certain Amended & Restated Credit Facility Agreement , dated as of March 12, 2018, by and between the Company and Opus (the “Opus Credit Agreement”).

On August 7, 2019, the Company provided notice to NAM Biotech Fund II, LLC (“NAMBF”) and NAM Special Situations Fund I QP, LLC (“NAMSS”) of extension by one year of the maturity dates under the 2017 Subordinated Note Financing totaling $28.4 million, of which $12.3 million in the aggregate pertains to NAMBF and $16.1 million in the aggregate pertains to NAMSS.

On August 7, 2019, the Company provided notice to NSC Biotech Opportunities Fund, LLC (“NSCBOF”) and NSC Biotech Opportunities QP Fund, LLC (“NSCBOQPF”) of extension by six months of the maturity dates of the 2018 Venture Notes totaling $21.7 million of which $5.1 million in the aggregate pertains to NSCBOF and $16.6 million in the aggregate pertains to NSCBOQPF.

On August 7, 2019, the Company and Opus executed an amendment to the Opus Credit Agreement, extending the maturity date of $5.2 million owing thereunder by one year.

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), including, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions or future strategies that are signified by the words “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “believe,” “may,” “plan”, “seek” or similar language. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based on information available to us on the date hereof and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Our business and financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially, from those projected in the forward-looking statements. In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the information set forth under the heading “Risk Factors” herein and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Overview

We are a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to acquiring, developing and commercializing pharmaceutical and biotechnology products and product candidates, which we do at the Fortress level, at our majority-owned and majority-controlled subsidiaries and joint ventures, and at entities we founded and in which we maintain significant minority ownership positions. We have a talented and experienced business development team, comprising of scientists, doctors and finance professionals, who identify and evaluate promising products and product candidates for potential acquisition by new or existing partner companies. We have executed such arrangements in collaboration with some of the world’s foremost universities, research institutes and pharmaceutical companies, including City of Hope National Medical Center, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, and the University of Pennsylvania.

Recent Events

Marketed Dermatology Products

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, through our partner company Journey Medical Corporation (“Journey” or “JMC”), our seven marketed products generated net revenue of $8.2 million and $14.3 million, respectively.

IV tramadol

IV tramadol is currently in development with our partner company, Avenue Therapeutics, Inc. (“Avenue”). In June 2019, Avenue announced that its second pivotal Phase 3 trial of IV tramadol achieved the primary endpoint of a statistically significant improvement in Sum of Pain Intensity Difference over 24 hours (SPID24) compared to placebo in patients with postoperative pain following abdominoplasty surgery. In addition, the trial met all of its key secondary endpoints. The study also included a standard-of-care IV opioid as an active comparator: IV morphine 4 mg. In this study, IV tramadol also demonstrated similar efficacy and safety to that of IV morphine.

Avenue plans to submit a new drug application, or an NDA, for IV tramadol to treat moderate to moderately severe postoperative pain pursuant to Section 505(b)(2) of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) by the end of 2019.

MB-107 (XSCID gene therapy)

In April 2019, our partner company, Mustang Bio, Inc. (“Mustang”), announced that the New England Journal of Medicine published data from St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital’s (“St. Jude”) Phase 1/2 clinical trial of a lentiviral gene therapy, being developed for commercial use as MB-107, for the treatment of newly diagnosed infants under two years old with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (“XSCID”). The data demonstrated that the lentiviral gene therapy achieved normalization of T-cell numbers in all eight newly diagnosed infants with XSCID to date and disseminated infections resolved completely in all affected infants. Seven of the eight infants treated have developed normal IgM levels to date. Four of those seven infants have discontinued monthly infusions of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy to date. Three of those four infants who discontinued monthly IVIG infusions have responded to vaccines to date.

MB-104 (CS1 CAR T Cell Therapy)

In May 2019, Mustang announced that City of Hope (“COH”) had begun enrolling patients with relapsed or treatment-resistant multiple myeloma in an innovative CS1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy (MB-104) trial.

MB-108 (Oncolytic Virus C134)

In May 2019, Mustang and Nationwide Children’s Hospital (“Nationwide Children’s”) announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) granted Orphan Drug Designation to MB-108 for the treatment of malignant glioma, a type of brain cancer with a median survival of less than 18 months. Nationwide Children’s exclusively licensed oncolytic virus C134 to Mustang in February 2019.

MB-102 (CD123 CAR T)

In July 2019, Mustang announced that the FDA had granted Orphan Drug Designation to MB-102 for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

On August 5, 2019, Mustang announced that the FDA has approved its IND application to initiate a multi-center Phase 1/2 clinical trial of MB-102 (CD123 CAR T) in acute myeloid leukemia (“AML”), blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (“BPDCN”) and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (“MDS”). Mustang will initiate an MB-102 clinical trial later in 2019 and process patient cells in their manufacturing facility, which opened in June 2018.

MB-103 (HER2)

In July 2019, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine announced that it has awarded a $9.3 million grant to Dr. Saul Priceman at COH to conduct a Phase 1 clinical trial evaluating the safety and effectiveness of intraventricular delivery of CAR T cells to the brains of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer with brain metastases. City of Hope has exclusively licensed HER2 to us.

Cosibelimab (formerly CK-301, an anti-PD-L1 antibody)

In May 2019, our partner company, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Inc. (“Checkpoint”), announced interim results from its ongoing multicenter Phase 1 clinical trial of Cosibelimab. There were >40% objective response rates observed in first-line non-small cell lung cancer and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and the antibody was well-tolerated.

Mustang Capital Raises

Horizon Notes

In April 2019, Mustang announced that it had entered into a $20 million debt financing agreement with Horizon Technology Finance Corporation (NASDAQ: HRZN) (“Horizon”), a leading specialty finance company that provides capital in the form of secured loans to venture-backed companies in the technology, life sciences, healthcare information and services and cleantech industries. $15 million of the $20 million loan funded upon closing, and the remaining $5 million may be funded upon the achievement by Mustang of certain predetermined milestones. Each advance of the loan will be repaid in 42 monthly payments consisting of 18 monthly payments of interest only, followed by 24 monthly payments of principal and accrued interest, payable monthly in arrears. The interest-only period may be extended to 24 months contingent upon Mustang achieving certain milestones. In connection with the debt financing, Mustang issued Horizon warrants to purchase up to 288,184 of its common shares at an exercise price of $3.47 per share.

At-the-Market Offering

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, pursuant to the terms of Mustang’s At-the-Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the "Mustang ATM") with B. Riley FBR, Inc., Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., National Securities Corporation, and Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. (each an "Agent" and collectively, the "Agents"), relating to the sale of shares of common stock, in April 2019, Mustang issued approximately 3.5 million shares of common stock at an average price of $6.42 per share for gross proceeds of $22.5 million. In connection with these sales, Mustang paid aggregate fees of approximately $0.5 million.

Public Offering of Common Stock

In April 2019, Mustang announced the pricing of an underwritten public offering, whereby it sold 6,875,000 shares of its common stock, (plus a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,031,250 shares of common stock, which was exercised in full) at a price of $4.00 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $31.6 million, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses, totaling approximately $2.1 million. As of June 30, 2019, approximately $20.9 million of the Mustang S-3 remains available for sales of securities.

Reportable Business Segments

For presentation purposes, Results of Operations is presented on a detailed revenue and expense basis rather than on a reportable business segment basis. Our operations are subject to wide fluctuations due to our early stage of development. The following provides a summary of revenues and expenses for the periods presented.

Results of Operations

General

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we generated $9.3 million and $15.7 million, respectively, of net revenue, of which $1.1 million and 1.4 million, respectively, of revenue relates to Checkpoint’s collaborative agreements with TG Therapeutics Inc. (“TGTX”) and $8.2 million and $14.3 million, respectively, of revenue relates primarily to the sale of Journey branded products. At June 30, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $408.0 million. While we may in the future generate revenue from a variety of sources, including license fees, milestone payments, research and development payments in connection with strategic partnerships and/or product sales, our and our subsidiaries’ current product candidates are at an early stage of development and may never be successfully developed or commercialized. Accordingly, we expect to continue to incur substantial losses from operations for the foreseeable future, and there can be no assurance that we will ever generate significant revenues.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, we had $2.4 million and $4.3 million, respectively, of costs of goods sold in connection with the sale of Journey’s marketed products, compared to $1.7 million and $3.1 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018. The increase can be attributed to the increase in sales as well as a diversification of product mix.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development costs primarily consist of personnel related expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel, and other related expenses, stock-based compensation, payments made to third parties for license and milestone costs related to in-licensed products and technology, payments made to third party contract research organizations for preclinical and clinical studies, investigative sites for clinical trials, consultants, the cost of acquiring and manufacturing clinical trial materials, costs associated with regulatory filings and patents, laboratory costs and other supplies.

For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, research and development expenses were approximately $18.5 million and $17.5 million, respectively. Additionally, during the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, we expensed approximately $0.2 million and nil, respectively, in costs related to the acquisition of licenses. Noncash, stock-based compensation expense included in research and development for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, was $0.8 million and $0.8 million, respectively.

Research and development costs associated with the development of our licenses, net of noncash stock-based compensation expenses, for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, by entity, are as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				% of total
($ in millions)	2019		2018		2019			2018
Research & Development
Fortress	$	362	$	2,037		2	%		12	%
Partner Companies:
Avenue		6,209		3,539		35	%		21	%
Checkpoint		3,935		5,783		22	%		35	%
Mustang		6,471		2,916		37	%		17	%
Other⁽¹⁾		755		2,444		4	%		15	%
Total Research & Development	$	17,732	$	16,719		100	%		100	%

Note 1: Includes the following partner companies: Aevitas, Caelum (2018 only), Cellvation, Cyprium, Helocyte and Tamid

Noncash stock-based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, by entity is as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,					% of total
($ in millions)	2019		2018			2019			2018
Research & Development
Noncash stock-based compensation
Fortress	$	122	$	338			16	%		44	%
Partner Companies:
Avenue		183		103			23	%		13	%
Checkpoint		184		(392	)		24	%		-51	%
Mustang		289		578			37	%		75	%
Other⁽¹⁾		1		142			-			19	%
Total stock-based compensation	$	779	$	769			100	%		100	%

Note 1: Includes the following partner companies: Aevitas, Caelum (2018 only), Cellvation, Cyprium, Helocyte and Tamid

Research and development costs associated with the development of our licenses, net of noncash stock-based compensation expenses, for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, by entity, are as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,				% of total
($ in millions)	2019		2018		2019			2018
Research & Development
Fortress	$	905	$	3,934		2	%		10	%
Partner Companies:
Avenue		16,268		12,733		40	%		32	%
Checkpoint		8,321		11,972		21	%		30	%
Mustang		13,273		5,694		33	%		14	%
Other⁽¹⁾		1,594		4,996		4	%		14	%
Total Research & Development	$	40,361	$	39,329		100	%		100	%

Note 1: Includes the following subsidiaries: Aevitas, Caelum (2018 only), Cellvation, Cyprium, Helocyte and Tamid

Noncash stock-based compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, by entity is as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,					% of total
($ in millions)	2019		2018			2019			2018
Research & Development
Noncash stock-based compensation
Fortress	$	289	$	643			20	%		21	%
Partner Companies:
Avenue		365		236			26	%		8	%
Checkpoint		380		288			27	%		9	%
Mustang		385		2,030			27	%		65	%
Other⁽¹⁾		4		(80	)		-			-3	%
Total stock-based compensation	$	1,423	$	3,117			100	%		100	%

Note 1: Includes the following subsidiaries: Aevitas, Caelum (2018 only), Cellvation, Cyprium, Helocyte and Tamid

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist principally of sales and marketing costs, personnel-related costs, professional fees for legal, consulting, audit and tax services, rent and other general operating expenses not otherwise included in research and development expenses. For the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, general and administrative expenses were approximately $13.4 million and $13.1 million, respectively. Noncash, stock-based compensation expense included in general and administrative expenses for the three months June 30, 2019 and 2018, was $2.6 million and $2.4 million, respectively.

Included in the remaining $10.8 million and $10.7 million figures for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively are the following partner company expenses:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				% of Total
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		2019			2018
General & Administrative
Fortress	$	2,942	$	4,114		27	%		39	%
Partner Companies:
Avenue		364		695		3	%		6	%
Checkpoint		907		825		8	%		8	%
JMC⁽¹⁾		4,949		3,293		46	%		31	%
Mustang		1,527		1,227		14	%		11	%
Other⁽²⁾		160		519		2	%		5	%
Total General & Administrative	$	10,849	$	10,673		100	%		100	%

Note 1: Includes cost of outsourced sales force

Note 2: Includes the following partner companies: Aevitas, Caelum (2018 only), Cellvation, Cyprium, Escala, Helocyte and Tamid

Noncash stock-based compensation expense included in general and administrative expense for the three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, by entity is as follows:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				% of Total
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		2019			2018
General & Administrative
Non cash stock-based compensation
Fortress	$	1,224	$	1,252		47	%		53	%
Partner Companies:
Avenue		352		219		14	%		9	%
Checkpoint		629		464		24	%		19	%
Mustang		333		393		13	%		17	%
Other⁽¹⁾		56		55		2	%		2	%
Total General & Administrative	$	2,594	$	2,383		100	%		100	%

Note 1: Includes the following partner companies: Aevitas, Caelum (2018 only), Cellvation, Cyprium, Escala, Helocyte and Tamid

For the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, general and administrative expenses were approximately $26.9 million and $26.6 million, respectively. Noncash stock-based compensation expense included in general and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, was $5.3 million and $4.8 million, respectively.

Included in the remaining $21.7 million and $21.8 million figures for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, respectively are the following subsidiary level expenses:

	Six Months Ended June 30,				% of Total
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		2019			2018
General & Administrative
Fortress	$	6,419	$	8,066		30	%		37	%
Partner Companies:
Avenue		914		1,453		4	%		6	%
Checkpoint		1,874		1,858		9	%		9	%
JMC⁽¹⁾		8,834		6,454		41	%		30	%
Mustang		3,078		2,732		14	%		13	%
Other⁽²⁾		543		1,211		2	%		5	%
Total General & Administrative	$	21,662	$	21,774		100	%		100	%

Note 1: Includes cost of outsourced sales force

Note 2: Includes the following subsidiaries: Aevitas, Caelum (2018 only), Cellvation, Cyprium, Escala, Helocyte and Tamid

Noncash stock-based compensation expense included in general and administrative expense for the six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018, by entity is as follows:

	Six Months Ended June 30,				% of Total
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		2019			2018
General & Administrative
Non cash stock-based compensation
Fortress	$	2,342	$	2,428		45	%		50	%
Partner Companies:
Avenue		921		435		18	%		9	%
Checkpoint		1,231		921		23	%		19	%
Mustang		669		936		13	%		19	%
Other⁽¹⁾		96		110		1	%		3	%
Total General & Administrative	$	5,259	$	4,830		100	%		100	%

Note 1: Includes the following partner companies: Aevitas, Caelum (2018 only), Cellvation, Cyprium, Escala, Helocyte and Tamid

Comparison of three months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Change
($ in thousands, except per share amounts)	2019			2018			$			%
Revenue
Product revenue, net	$	8,199		$	6,689		$	1,510			23	%
Revenue – from a related party		1,051			126			925			734	%
Net revenue		9,250			6,815			2,435			36	%

Operating expenses
Cost of goods sold – product revenue		2,386			1,668			718			43	%
Research and development		18,511			17,488			1,023			6	%
Research and development – licenses acquired		200			1			199			19900	%
General and administrative		13,443			13,056			387			3	%
Total operating expenses		34,540			32,213			2,327			7	%
Loss from operations		(25,290	)		(25,398	)		108			0	%

Other expense
Interest income		779			294			485			165	%
Interest expense and financing fee		(3,106	)		(2,590	)		(516	)		20	%
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		-			79			(79	)		-100	%
Change in fair value of subsidiary convertible note		-			(140	)		140			-100	%
Change in fair value of investments		-			(707	)		707			-100	%
Other loss		-			(333	)		333			-100	%
Gain from deconsolidation of Caelum		137			-			137			100	%
Total other expense		(2,190	)		(3,397	)		1,207			-36	%
Loss from continuing operations		(27,480	)		(28,795	)		1,315			-5	%

Discontinued operations:
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax		-			(6,921	)		6,921			-100	%
Total loss from discontinued operations		-			(6,921	)		6,921			-100	%
Net loss		(27,480	)		(35,716	)		8,236			-23	%

Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interest		14,382			14,105			277			2	%
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(13,098	)	$	(21,611	)	$	8,513			-39	%

Net revenues increased $2.4 million or 36% from the three months ended June 30, 2018 to the three months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in net revenue is related to an increase in product revenue of $1.5 million associated with Journey’s marketed products, and an increase of $0.9 million in collaboration revenue between Checkpoint and TGTX.

Cost of goods sold increased by $0.7 million or 43% from the three months ended June 30, 2018 to the three months ended June 30, 2019 due to the increase in Journey marketed products revenue in the 2019 period as compared to the 2018 period.

Research and development expenses increased $1.0 million or 6% from the three months ended June 30, 2018 to the three months ended June 30, 2019. The following table shows the change in research and development spending by Fortress and its partner companies:

	Three Months Ended June 30,					Change
($ in millions)	2019		2018			$			%
Research & Development
Stock-based compensation
Fortress	$	122	$	338		$	(216	)		-64	%
Partner Companies:
Avenue		183		103			80			78	%
Checkpoint		184		(392	)		576			-147	%
Mustang		289		578			(289	)		-50	%
Other⁽¹⁾		1		142			(141	)		-99	%
Sub-total stock-based compensation		779		769			10			1	%
Other Research & Development
Fortress		362		2,037			(1,675	)		-82	%
Partner Companies:
Avenue		6,209		3,539			2,670			75	%
Checkpoint		3,935		5,783			(1,848	)		-32	%
Mustang		6,471		2,916			3,555			122	%
Other⁽¹⁾		755		2,444			(1,689	)		-69	%
Total Research & Development	$	18,511	$	17,488		$	1,023			6	%

Note 1: Includes the following partner companies: Aevitas, Caelum (2018 only), Cellvation, Cyprium, Escala, Helocyte and Tamid

The increase in stock-based compensation is due to the adoption of ASU 2018-07, Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting, of which no longer requires marking to market grants held by non-employees. For the quarter ended June 30, 2018, stock price decreases led to Checkpoint’s net negative stock compensation expense due to marking to market grants held by non-employees.

The decrease in Fortress research and development spending is due to the lower research and development headcount subsequent to the transfer of Fortress research and development employees to TGTX, a related party, in the quarter ended September 30, 2018. Checkpoint’s decrease in research and development spending is attributable to the manufacturing costs related to the PD-L1 GMP batch incurred in the three months ended June 30, 2018 and not replicated in the current quarter. Mustang’s increase in research and development spending is attributable to the fitting out of the cell processing facility, the purchase of laboratory supplies, increased headcount, and increased costs incurred under sponsored research agreements with City of Hope. The decrease in “Other” is attributable to Caelum’s deconsolidation and Helocyte’s sponsored research activities with City of Hope not replicated in 2019.

General and administrative expenses increased $0.4 million, or 3%, from the three months ended June 30, 2018 to the three months ended June 30, 2019. The following table shows the change in general and administrative spending by Fortress and its partner companies:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Change
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		$			%
General & Administrative
Stock-based compensation
Fortress	$	1,224	$	1,252	$	(28	)		-2	%
Partner Companies:
Avenue		352		219		133			61	%
Checkpoint		629		464		165			36	%
Mustang		334		394		(60	)		-15	%
Other⁽²⁾		55		54		1			2	%
Sub-total stock-based comp.		2,594		2,383		211			9	%
Other General & Administrative
Fortress		2,942		4,114		(1,172	)		-28	%
Partner Companies:
Avenue		364		695		(331	)		-48	%
Checkpoint		907		825		82			10	%
JMC⁽¹⁾		4,949		3,293		1,656			50	%
Mustang		1,527		1,227		300			24	%
Other⁽²⁾		160		519		(359	)		-69	%
Total General & Administrative	$	13,443	$	13,056		387			3	%

Note 1: Includes cost of outsourced sales force

Note 2: Includes the following partner companies: Aevitas, Caelum (2018 only), Cellvation, Cyprium, Escala, Helocyte and Tamid

For the quarter ended June 30, 2019, the increase in general and administrative expenses of $0.4 million or 3% is primarily attributable to Journey’s sales and marketing cost increases offset by Fortress’ decreased headcount and travel costs, and Avenue’s decrease in investor relations and marketing costs.

Total other expense decreased $1.2 million, or 36%, from an expense of $3.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 to $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to the increase in interest expense and financing fees due to Mustang’s new debt financing with Horizon offset by the increase in interest income due to higher cash balances and a more favorable interest rate on account balances. The 2018 period was also impacted by the change in fair value.

Net loss attributable to common stockholders decreased $8.5 million, or 39%, from the three months ended June 30, 2018 to the three months ended June 30, 2019. This decrease is primarily due to the loss from discontinued operations of $6.9 million from the three months ended June 30, 2018 related to the sale of National.

Comparison of six months ended June 30, 2019 and 2018

	Six Months Ended June 30,						Change
($ in thousands, except per share amounts)	2019			2018			$			%
Revenue
Product revenue, net	$	14,324		$	12,198		$	2,126			17	%
Revenue – from a related party		1,403			520			883			170	%
Net revenue		15,727			12,718			3,009			24	%

Operating expenses
Cost of goods sold – product revenue		4,270			3,140			1,130			36	%
Research and development		41,784			42,446			(662	)		-2	%
Research and development – licenses acquired		650			98			552			563	%
General and administrative		26,921			26,604			317			1	%
Total operating expenses		73,625			72,288			1,337			2	%
Loss from operations		(57,898	)		(59,570	)		1,672			-3	%

Other income (expense)
Interest income		1,217			572			645			113	%
Interest expense and financing fee		(5,575	)		(4,993	)		(582	)		12	%
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		-			102			(102	)		-100	%
Change in fair value of subsidiary convertible note		-			110			(110	)		-100	%
Change in fair value of investments		-			(825	)		825			-100	%
Other loss		-			(333	)		333			-100	%
Gain from deconsolidation of Caelum		18,521			-			18,521			100	%
Total other income (expense)		14,163			(5,367	)		19,530			-364	%
Loss from continuing operations		(43,735	)		(64,937	)		21,202			-33	%

Discontinued operations:
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax		-			(8,997	)		8,997			-100	%
Total loss from discontinued operations		-			(8,997	)		8,997			-100	%
Net loss		(43,735	)		(73,934	)		30,199			-41	%

Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interest		32,029			31,305			724			2	%
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(11,706	)	$	(42,629	)	$	30,923			-73	%

Net revenues increased $3.0 million or 24% from the six months ended June 30, 2018 to the six months ended June 30, 2019. The increase in net revenue is related to an increase in product revenue of $2.1 million associated with Journey’s marketed products, and an increase of $0.9 million in collaboration revenue between Checkpoint and TGTX.

Cost of goods sold increased by $1.1 million or 36% from the six months ended June 30, 2018 to the six months ended June 30, 2019 due to the increase in Journey marketed products revenue in the 2019 period as compared to the 2018 period.

Research and development expenses decreased $0.7 million or 2% from the six months ended June 30, 2018 to the six months ended June 30, 2019. The following table shows the change in research and development spending by Fortress and its partner companies:

	Six Months Ended June 30,					Change
($ in millions)	2019		2018			$			%
Research & Development
Stock-based compensation
Fortress	$	289	$	643		$	(354	)		-55	%
Partner Companies:
Avenue		365		236			129			55	%
Checkpoint		380		288			92			32	%
Mustang		385		2,030			(1,645	)		-81	%
Other⁽¹⁾		4		(80	)		84			-105	%
Sub-total stock-based compensation		1,423		3,117			(1,694	)		-54	%
Other R&D
Fortress		905		3,934			(3,029	)		-77	%
Partner Companies:
Avenue		16,268		12,733			3,535			28	%
Checkpoint		8,321		11,972			(3,651	)		-30	%
Mustang		13,273		5,694			7,579			133	%
Other⁽¹⁾		1,594		4,996			(3,402	)		-68	%
Total Research & Development	$	41,784	$	42,446			(662	)		-2	%

Note 1: Includes the following partner companies: Aevitas, Caelum (2018 only), Cellvation, Cyprium, Escala, Helocyte and Tamid

The decrease in stock-based compensation is due to overall vesting of grants for Mustang, as well as the decrease in value attributed to marking to grants held by non employees due to stock price decreases.

The decrease in Fortress research and development spending is due to the lower research and development headcount subsequent to the transfer of Fortress research and development employees to TGTX, a related party, in the quarter ended September 30, 2018. Checkpoint’s decrease in research and development spending is attributable to the manufacturing costs related to the PD-L1 GMP batches incurred in the six months ended June 30, 2018 and not replicated in the current period. Mustang’s increase in research and development spending is attributable to the fitting out of the cell processing facility, the purchase of laboratory supplies, increased headcount, and increased costs incurred under sponsored research agreements with City of Hope. The decrease in “Other” is attributable to Caelum’s deconsolidation and Helocyte’s sponsored research activities with City of Hope not replicated in 2019.

General and administrative expenses increased $0.3 million, or 1%, from the six months ended June 30, 2018 to the six months ended June 30, 2019. The following table shows the change in general and administrative spending by Fortress and its partner companies:

	Six Months Ended June 30,				Change
($ in thousands)	2019		2018		$			%
General & Administrative
Stock-based compensation
Fortress	$	2,342	$	2,428	$	(86	)		-4	%
Partner Companies:
Avenue		921		435		486			112	%
Checkpoint		1,231		921		310			34	%
Mustang		669		937		(268	)		-29	%
Other⁽²⁾		96		109		(13	)		-12	%
Sub-total stock-based compensation		5,259		4,830		429			9	%
Other General & Administrative
Fortress		6,419		8,066		(1,647	)		-20	%
Partner Companies:
Avenue		914		1,453		(539	)		-37	%
Checkpoint		1,874		1,858		16			1	%
JMC⁽¹⁾		8,834		6,454		2,380			37	%
Mustang		3,078		2,731		347			13	%
Other⁽²⁾		543		1,212		(669	)		-55	%
Total General & Administrative	$	26,921	$	26,604		317			1	%

Note 1: Includes cost of outsourced sales force

Note 2: Includes the following partner companies: Aevitas, Caelum (2018 only), Cellvation, Cyprium, Escala, Helocyte and Tamid

For the six months ended June 30, 2019, the increase in general and administrative expenses of $0.3 million or 1% is primarily attributable to Journey’s sales and marketing cost increases offset by Fortress’ decreased headcount and travel costs and Avenue’s decrease in investor relations and marketing costs.

Total other income or expense increased $19.5 million, or 364%, from a loss of $5.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 to income of $14.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019, primarily due to the gain on the deconsolidation of Caelum of $18.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Net loss attributable to common stockholders decreased $30.9 million, or 73%, from the three months ended June 30, 2018 to the three months ended June 30, 2019. This decrease is primarily due to the loss from discontinued operations of $9.0 million related to the sale of National for the six months ended June 30, 2018, and the gain on the deconsolidation of Caelum of $18.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2019.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We will require additional financing to fully develop and prepare regulatory filings and obtain regulatory approvals for our existing and new product candidates, fund operating losses, and, if deemed appropriate, establish or secure through third parties manufacturing for our potential products, and sales and marketing capabilities. We have funded our operations to date primarily through the sale of equity and debt securities. We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents is sufficient to fund operations for at least the next twelve months. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategies. We may seek funds through equity or debt financings, collaborative or other arrangements with corporate sources, sales of stakes in partner companies, the contingent acquisitions of Avenue and Caelum, or through other sources of financing.

Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019 and 2018

	Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2019			2018
Statement of cash flows data:
Total cash provided by/(used in):
Operating activities	$	(53,645	)	$	(51,926	)
Investing activities		23,537			(4,029	)
Financing activities		114,007			42,384
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	83,899		$	(13,571	)

Components of cash flows from publicly-traded partner companies are comprised of:

	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
	Fortress⁽¹⁾			Avenue			Checkpoint			Mustang			Total
($ in thousands)
Statement of cash flows data:

Total cash (used in)/provided by:
Operating activities	$	(5,677	)	$	(19,549	)	$	(13,158	)	$	(15,261	)	$	(53,645	)
Investing activities		12,338			(5,000	)		-			16,199			23,537
Financing activities		12,079			32,333			4,368			65,227			114,007
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	18,740		$	7,784		$	(8,790	)	$	66,165		$	83,899

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018

Fortress⁽¹⁾

Avenue

Checkpoint

Mustang

Total

($ in thousands)

Statement of cash flows data:

Total cash (used in)/provided by: